Spiromesifen (SPM) is widely used for orchard mites and white fly control. The ecotoxicological data suggested that SPM is highly toxic to fish, but the information about its toxic effect on zebrafish is still obscure. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to SPM for 21 days. The plasma sex steroid hormone levels reflected the ratio of 17β‐estradiol (E2) to testosterone (T) (E2/T) was significantly increased at 0.50 μg/L of SPM in male fish (2.4‐fold, p = 0.049). Following 21 days' post exposure, distinct pathological changes were noted in gonad, males were more sensitive than female, which showed the interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia and widener in testis at 15 μg/L of SPM. In male fish, the relative percentage of spermatozoa was 13% decreased at 30 μg/L of SPM (p = 0.041). Which suggest SPM potential role in disrupting male gonad development. qRT‐PCR results suggest that expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) was significantly down regulated in female zebrafish (0.29 fold of control, p = 0.010). Variable importance of projection (VIP) scores indicate the most important features separate in female and male. The different response of steroid level towards SPM between male and female zebrafish may due to the distinct regulation of key genes related in steroidogenesis and metabolism. This study for the first time connects the biochemical and histological to reveal the adverse effects of SPM on adult zebrafish in a sex dependent manner.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼暴露于螺素后组织病理学和类固醇生成代谢的性别差异


Spiromesifen （SPM） 广泛用于果园螨虫和白蝇防治。生态毒理学数据表明，SPM 对鱼类具有剧毒，但关于其对斑马鱼的毒性作用的信息仍然模糊不清。在这项研究中，成年斑马鱼暴露于 SPM 21 天。血浆性类固醇激素水平反映了雄鱼 17β-雌二醇 （E2） 与睾酮 （T） （E2/T） 的比率在 0.50 μg/L SPM 时显着增加 （2.4 倍，p = 0.049）。暴露后 21 天后，性腺出现明显的病理变化，男性比女性更敏感，在 15 μg/L SPM 时，睾丸间质结缔组织增生和增宽。在雄鱼中，当 30 μg/L SPM 时，精子的相对百分比降低了 13% （p = 0.041）。这表明 SPM 在破坏男性性腺发育方面可能起作用。qRT-PCR 结果表明，雌性斑马鱼促卵泡激素受体 （fshr） 的表达显着下调 （0.29 倍于对照，p = 0.010）。投影可变重要性 （VIP） 分数表示女性和男性分开的最重要特征。雄性和雌性斑马鱼对 SPM 的类固醇水平反应不同，可能是由于类固醇生成和代谢相关关键基因的不同调节。这项研究首次将生化和组织学联系起来，以性别依赖的方式揭示了 SPM 对成年斑马鱼的不利影响。