In the U.S. education system, students of color experience multiple forms of marginalization at the intersection of markers of difference. These injustices manifest in multiple forms, such as higher rates of inappropriate referrals to special education, misidentification, conferring stigmatizing labels, and subsequently placing students of color in more segregated spaces. To combat this persistent racial injustice within special education practices and programs, policymakers have formulated regulations under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) aimed at ensuring equal educational opportunities and outcomes for students of color. In particular, the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Special Education Programs introduced 20 State Performance Plan and Annual Performance Report (SPP/APR) indicators in 2004 to monitor states' implementation of IDEA. Building upon an interdisciplinary and intersectional lens informed by the cultural historical approach to disability, critical policy analysis in education, and disability critical race theory, this systematic literature review synthesizes 19 studies investigating local policy actors’ enactment of IDEA policies related to SPP/APR indicators, which were designed to address racial inequities in special education. The findings reveal that local policy actors’ interpretations, negotiations, and implementations of equity-intended special education policies are intricately tied to the situated cultural and political dynamics, making the process multifaceted and deeply contextual.

中文翻译：

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当善意出错时：对旨在减少特殊教育中种族差异的以公平为重点的政策的批判性政策分析


在美国教育系统中，有色人种学生在差异标志的交汇处经历了多种形式的边缘化。这些不公正以多种形式表现出来，例如不适当地转介到特殊教育的比率更高、错误识别、赋予污名化标签，以及随后将有色人种学生安置在更加隔离的空间中。为了打击特殊教育实践和计划中这种持续存在的种族不公正，政策制定者根据《残疾人教育法》（IDEA） 制定了法规，旨在确保有色人种学生获得平等的教育机会和成果。特别是，美国教育部特殊教育计划办公室在 2004 年推出了 20 项州绩效计划和年度绩效报告 （SPP/APR） 指标，以监督各州实施 IDEA。本系统文献综述以残疾文化历史方法、教育批判性政策分析和残疾批判性种族理论为依据的跨学科和交叉视角为基础，综合了 19 项研究，调查地方政策参与者制定与 SPP/APR 指标相关的 IDEA 政策，这些指标旨在解决特殊教育中的种族不平等问题。研究结果表明，地方政策参与者对以公平为目的的特殊教育政策的解释、谈判和实施与所处的文化和政治动态错综复杂地联系在一起，使该过程具有多方面和深厚的背景。