Eucalyptus stands out as one of the most productive tree species for large-scale cultivation. However, like all cultivated crops, it requires specialized management practices, including the control of weeds, pathogens, and pests. Glyphosate is the most widely applied herbicide used in the essential weeding effort, and it ensures the sustainable management of eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil. Given the sensitivity of eucalyptus to glyphosate, existing weed control methods in young eucalyptus farms predominantly rely on protected mechanical or/and knapsack spraying. Both methods contribute to herbicide drift, which compromises tree yield and increases chemical waste due to uneven spraying. This study provides a detailed observation of the physiological parameters and long-term field performance of glyphosate-tolerant (HT), genetically modified (GM) eucalyptus developed by FuturaGene/Suzano S.A. and approved in Brazil for operational deployment. The HT GM eucalyptus events were meticulously evaluated to ensure high levels of glyphosate tolerance. This involved the direct application of herbicide on seedlings in greenhouse studies and on young trees in field conditions. The herbicide-treated GM eucalyptus in all trials demonstrated consistent growth and maintained physiological parameters comparable to their respective non-sprayed wild-type (WT) counterparts. The HT GM eucalyptus represents a significant advancement by enabling the direct application of glyphosate over the top of the trees to control the weeds within the planting row. This innovative approach minimizes the need for frequent mechanical and manual interventions, thereby lowering worker herbicide exposure, reducing the environmental impact of mechanical operations, and enhancing the overall efficiency and sustainability of HT GM eucalyptus stands.

中文翻译：

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耐草甘膦转基因桉树的表征。


桉树是大规模栽培中产量最高的树种之一。然而，与所有栽培作物一样，它需要专门的管理实践，包括控制杂草、病原体和害虫。草甘膦是基本除草工作中使用最广泛的除草剂，它确保了巴西桉树种植的可持续管理。鉴于桉树对草甘膦的敏感性，年轻的桉树农场现有的杂草控制方法主要依赖于受保护的机械或/和背包喷洒。这两种方法都会导致除草剂漂移，从而影响树木产量，并因喷洒不均匀而增加化学废物。本研究详细观察了由 FuturaGene/Suzano S.A. 开发并在巴西批准用于运营部署的耐草甘膦 （HT）、转基因 （GM） 桉树的生理参数和长期田间性能。对 HT GM 桉树事件进行了仔细评估，以确保高水平的草甘膦耐受性。这涉及在温室研究中直接将除草剂施用在幼苗上，以及在田间条件下直接施用在幼树上。在所有试验中，除草剂处理的转基因桉树都表现出一致的生长，并保持了与各自未喷洒野生型 （WT） 对应物相当的生理参数。HT GM 桉树代表了一项重大进步，它能够将草甘膦直接施用在树顶上，以控制种植行内的杂草。 这种创新方法最大限度地减少了频繁的机械和人工干预需求，从而降低了工人的除草剂暴露量，减少了机械操作对环境的影响，并提高了 HT GM 桉树林的整体效率和可持续性。