Plants can modify soil properties over time through interactions with soil microorganisms, creating a legacy that may influence subsequent plant growth. This study investigates how soil vegetation covers affect growth and nutrient uptake and phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)use efficiencies in two eucalypt species, and the impact of new plant cultivation on soil microbial traits. Using a greenhouse microcosm experiment, we compared soils from a 20-year eucalypt plantation (Euc) and secondary vegetation (Sec) covers, cultivated for five months with Eucalyptus grandis, E. globulus, or left uncultivated. We measured plant growth, P and N concentrations, root and soil enzyme potential activities, and soil properties. Results showed that E. globulus plants in Euc soil had 23% higher shoot biomass production and 27% greater P uptake efficiency compared to plants in Sec soil. Both eucalypt species showed improved P and N use efficiencies in Euc soils, suggesting beneficial soil legacy effects. Furthermore, microbial traits related to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi persisted partially in Sec soils, suggesting a beneficial AM fungal legacy for new eucalypt cultivation. The potential activity of enzymes associated with soil carbon and sulfur cycles was clearly influenced by plant presence, whereas enzymes related to the P cycle maintained their potential activity regardless of plant presence, indicating a lasting soil legacy for P mineralization enzymes. The results highlight the role of plant-soil feedback in nutrient utilization and suggest that soil management strategies should consider past vegetation to enhance sustainable eucalypt production.

随着时间的推移，植物可以通过与土壤微生物的相互作用来改变土壤特性，从而产生可能影响后续植物生长的遗产。本研究调查了土壤植被覆盖如何影响两种桉树物种的生长和养分吸收以及磷 （P） 和氮 （N） 利用效率，以及新植物栽培对土壤微生物性状的影响。使用温室微观世界实验，我们将 20 年桉树种植园 （Euc） 和次生植被 （Sec） 覆盖物的土壤与桉树、蓝桉或未耕种进行了 5 个月的土壤进行了比较。我们测量了植物生长、P 和 N 浓度、根和土壤酶电位活性以及土壤特性。结果表明，与 Sec 土壤中的植物相比，Euc 土壤中的蓝球桉植物的芽生物量产量高 23%，磷吸收效率高 27%。两种桉树物种在 Euc 土壤中都显示出 P 和 N 利用效率的提高，这表明有益的土壤遗留效应。此外，与丛枝菌根 （AM） 真菌相关的微生物性状在 Sec 土壤中部分持续存在，表明 AM 真菌对新的桉树种植有益。与土壤碳和硫循环相关的酶的潜在活性明显受到植物存在的影响，而与 P 循环相关的酶无论植物存在如何，都保持其潜在活性，表明 P 矿化酶的持久土壤遗产。结果突出了植物-土壤反馈在养分利用中的作用，并建议土壤管理策略应考虑过去的植被，以加强可持续的桉树生产。