Projectile impacts are a common safety problem for the fluid-filled structures. However, there is no universal theoretical approach to the quantitative characterization of this phenomenon, which restricts the associated hazard assessment. To address this issue, a theoretical model was proposed to describe the dynamic responses of liquid-filled vessels impacted by a high-velocity projectile, with a particular focus on the deformation of the vessel's rear plate. The model consists of three sub-models, i.e., the ballistic wave model, the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model and the petal hole model. The proposed theoretical model accurately predicted the ballistic wave propagation and attenuation, as well as the interaction with the rear plate, which ultimately resulted in the formation of petal holes, in both ballistic impact experiments and finite element numerical simulations. Significant cavitation was observed at the interface between the rear plate and the fluid due to strong spatial nonlinearity of the ballistic wave, resulting in a shorter effective loading duration from the wave. The bending wave, which propagated from the center of the rear plate, caused a second acceleration of the rear plate with a duration of dozens of μs, thereby contributing to energy conversion inside the rear plate. The initial kinetic energy Ek of the rear plate, with a maximum of approximately 3 kJ, and the projected area Sp of the petal hole with a maximum of approximately 180 cm2, were positively correlated with the impact velocity v0 of the projectile ranging from 1000 to 1600 m·s-1 and negatively correlated with the length L of the fluid ranging from 16 to 28 cm. This work offers new insights into the relationship between ballistic impact parameters and structural deformation.

中文翻译：

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受高速弹丸撞击的充液容器的动态响应


弹丸撞击是流体填充结构的常见安全问题。然而，没有通用的理论方法来定量描述这种现象，这限制了相关的危害评估。为了解决这个问题，提出了一个理论模型来描述受高速弹丸冲击的充液容器的动态响应，特别关注容器后板的变形。该模型由弹道波模型、流固耦合 （FSI） 模型和花瓣孔模型三个子模型组成。在弹道冲击实验和有限元数值模拟中，所提出的理论模型准确预测了弹道波的传播和衰减，以及与后板的相互作用，最终导致了花瓣孔的形成。由于弹道波的强空间非线性，在后板和流体之间的界面处观察到明显的空化，导致波的有效载荷持续时间较短。从后板中心传播的弯曲波导致后板的第二次加速，持续时间为数十 μs，从而有助于后板内部的能量转换。后板的初始动能 Ek 最大约为 3 kJ，花瓣孔的投影面积 Sp 最大约为 180 cm2，与弹丸的冲击速度 v0 呈正相关，范围为 1000 至 1600 m·s-1，与流体长度 L 呈负相关，范围为 16 至 28 cm。这项工作为弹道冲击参数与结构变形之间的关系提供了新的见解。