Retailer involvement and consumer eco-consciousness are two critical considerations for firms when designing comprehensive carbon footprint reduction (CFR) plans. This paper constructs a supply chain (SC) where one manufacturer and one retailer make CFR and pricing strategies in response to eco-conscious consumers. Eco-conscious consumers form a reference carbon footprint to assess the product's green level. To achieve SC coordination, a cost-sharing contract is introduced. Our results suggest that retailer involvement in CFR always benefits the environment, SC performance, consumer surplus, and social welfare. During CFR cooperation, the manufacturer strategically affects the retailer's CFR decision by adjusting the CFR level, impacting environmental and economic outcomes. Although higher CFR efficiency by the manufacturer can benefit the environment, SC performance, consumer surplus, and social welfare, a similar emphasis by the retailer may have adverse effects. Surprisingly, a lower reference carbon footprint for eco-conscious consumers may be worse for the environment, depending on the retailer's CFR efficiency. Furthermore, implementing a cost-sharing contract under the retailer's different CFR efficiency yields two distinct impacts: a multi-win situation or an incentive conflict. Extended studies are further examined to validate the robustness of these main results.

中文翻译：

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零售商参与具有生态意识、以消费者为导向的碳足迹减少


零售商的参与和消费者的环保意识是公司在设计全面的碳足迹减少 （CFR） 计划时的两个关键考虑因素。本文构建了一个供应链 （SC），其中一家制造商和一家零售商制定 CFR 和定价策略，以响应具有环保意识的消费者。具有环保意识的消费者会形成一个参考碳足迹，以评估产品的绿色水平。为了实现 SC 协调，引入了成本分摊合同。我们的结果表明，零售商参与 CFR 总是有益于环境、SC 绩效、消费者剩余和社会福利。在 CFR 合作期间，制造商通过调整 CFR 水平来战略性地影响零售商的 CFR 决策，从而影响环境和经济成果。尽管制造商提高 CFR 效率有利于环境、SC 性能、消费者剩余和社会福利，但零售商的类似强调可能会产生不利影响。令人惊讶的是，对于具有环保意识的消费者来说，较低的参考碳足迹可能对环境更不利，具体取决于零售商的 CFR 效率。此外，在零售商不同的 CFR 效率下实施成本分摊合同会产生两种不同的影响：多赢局面或激励冲突。进一步检查了扩展研究以验证这些主要结果的稳健性。