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Ferrocene Appended Linear Chromophores for Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) and Nonlinear Optics (NLO): Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Advanced Theory and Simulations ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-25 , DOI: 10.1002/adts.202400578 Vadakkalur Sampath Chithra, Nallasamy Palanisami
Advanced Theory and Simulations ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-25 , DOI: 10.1002/adts.202400578 Vadakkalur Sampath Chithra, Nallasamy Palanisami
New nonlinear optical (NLO)‐active chromophores, featuring phenyl and methoxy phenyl substitutions at the D‐π‐A motif [(Fc‐C(C6 H4 ‐R) = CH‐CH = C(CN)‐C6 H4 ‐Br)] [R = H (1), OCH3 (2)] are synthesized and structurally analyzed. Chromophore 2 crystallized in a triclinic system (P‐1), consistent with DFT‐optimized structures. Non‐covalent interactions in the crystal packing suppress antiparallel alignment, enhancing SHG efficiencies. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps reveal structure‐property relationship and electronic communication between donor–acceptor moieties. Both chromophores exhibit suppressed emission in solution due to twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) facilitated by the cyano vinylene group. However, Upon aggregation‐induced emission in a THF/H2 O mixture, fluorescence significantly increases, attributed to restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR). Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) efficiencies, measured using the Kurtz–Perry powder technique with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) as a reference, show chromophore 2 is 1.1 times higher efficiency than chromophore 1. Density functional theory (DFT) derived hyperpolarizability values follow this trend, with chromophore 2 (β0 = 40.39 × 10−30 esu in B3LYP functional) surpassing chromophore 1. DFT and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations employing B3LYP, CAM‐B3LYP, and LC‐BLYP functionals determined second‐order nonlinear optical parameters, B3LYP and CAM‐B3LYP produced values with minimal differences and a close correlation with the experimental results.
中文翻译:
用于聚集诱导发射 (AIE) 和非线性光学 (NLO) 的二茂铁附加线性发色团:实验和理论相结合的研究
合成了新的非线性光学 (NLO) 活性发色团,在 D-π-A 基序 [(Fc-C(C6H4-R) = CH-CH = C(CN)‐C6H4-Br)] [R = H (1), OCH3 (2)] 处具有苯基和甲氧基苯基取代。发色团 2 在三斜晶系 (P-1) 中结晶,与 DFT 优化的结构一致。晶体填充中的非共价相互作用抑制了反平行对位,从而提高了 SHG 效率。分子静电势 (MEP) 图揭示了供体-受体部分之间的结构-性质关系和电子通信。由于氰基乙烯基团促进的扭曲分子内电荷转移 (TICT),两种发色团在溶液中都表现出抑制发射。然而,在 THF/H2O 混合物中聚集诱导发射后,荧光显着增加,这归因于分子内旋转 (RIR) 受限。使用磷酸二氢钾 (KDP) 作为参考的 Kurtz-Perry 粉末技术测量的二次谐波产生 (SHG) 效率表明,发色团 2 的效率是发色团 1.1 的 1.1 倍。密度泛函理论 (DFT) 衍生的超极化率值遵循这一趋势,发色团 2(β0 = 40.39 × 10−30 esu 在 B3LYP 官能团中)超过发色团 1。使用 B3LYP、CAM-B3LYP 和 LC-BLYP 泛函的 DFT 和时间依赖密度泛函理论 (TD-DFT) 计算确定了二阶非线性光学参数,B3LYP 和 CAM-B3LYP 产生的值差异最小,与实验结果密切相关。
更新日期:2024-11-25
中文翻译:
用于聚集诱导发射 (AIE) 和非线性光学 (NLO) 的二茂铁附加线性发色团:实验和理论相结合的研究
合成了新的非线性光学 (NLO) 活性发色团,在 D-π-A 基序 [(Fc-C(C6H4-R) = CH-CH = C(CN)‐C6H4-Br)] [R = H (1), OCH3 (2)] 处具有苯基和甲氧基苯基取代。发色团 2 在三斜晶系 (P-1) 中结晶,与 DFT 优化的结构一致。晶体填充中的非共价相互作用抑制了反平行对位,从而提高了 SHG 效率。分子静电势 (MEP) 图揭示了供体-受体部分之间的结构-性质关系和电子通信。由于氰基乙烯基团促进的扭曲分子内电荷转移 (TICT),两种发色团在溶液中都表现出抑制发射。然而,在 THF/H2O 混合物中聚集诱导发射后,荧光显着增加,这归因于分子内旋转 (RIR) 受限。使用磷酸二氢钾 (KDP) 作为参考的 Kurtz-Perry 粉末技术测量的二次谐波产生 (SHG) 效率表明,发色团 2 的效率是发色团 1.1 的 1.1 倍。密度泛函理论 (DFT) 衍生的超极化率值遵循这一趋势,发色团 2(β0 = 40.39 × 10−30 esu 在 B3LYP 官能团中)超过发色团 1。使用 B3LYP、CAM-B3LYP 和 LC-BLYP 泛函的 DFT 和时间依赖密度泛函理论 (TD-DFT) 计算确定了二阶非线性光学参数,B3LYP 和 CAM-B3LYP 产生的值差异最小,与实验结果密切相关。