Thermometric techniques with high accuracy, fast response and ease of implementation are desirable for the study of dynamic combustion environments, transient reacting flows, and non-equilibrium plasmas. Herein, single-shot single-beam coherent Raman scattering (SS-CRS) thermometry is developed, for the first time to our knowledge, by using air lasing as a probe. We show that the air-lasing-assisted CRS signal has a high signal-to-noise ratio enabling single-shot measurements at a 1 kHz repetition rate. The SS-CRS thermometry consistently exhibits precision of <2.3% at different temperatures, but the inaccuracy grows with the increase in temperature. The high measurement repeatability, 1 kHz acquisition rate and easy-to-implement single-beam scheme are achieved thanks to the unique temporal, spectral and spatial characteristics of air lasing. This work opens a novel avenue for high-speed CRS thermometry, holding tremendous potential for fast diagnostics of transient reacting flows and plasmas.

高精度、快速响应和易于实施的温度测量技术非常适合研究动态燃烧环境、瞬态反应流和非平衡等离子体。在此，据我们所知，首次通过使用空气激光作为探针开发了单发单光束相干拉曼散射 （SS-CRS） 测温法。我们表明，空气激光辅助 CRS 信号具有高信噪比，能够以 1 kHz 重复率进行单次测量。SS-CRS 测温仪在不同温度下始终表现出 <2.3% 的精度，但随着温度的升高，误差越来越大。由于空气激光独特的时间、光谱和空间特性，实现了高测量重复性、1 kHz 采集速率和易于实施的单光束方案。这项工作为高速 CRS 测温开辟了一条新途径，为瞬态反应流和等离子体的快速诊断具有巨大潜力。