Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a highly versatile class of crystalline porous materials, formed by the deliberate assembly of organic building units into ordered two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures. Their unique combination of topological precision and tunable micro- or mesoporous architectures offers unmatched flexibility in material design. By selecting specific building units, reactive sites, and functional groups, COFs can be engineered to achieve customized skeletal, porous, and interfacial properties, opening the door to materials with optimized performance for diverse applications. Among recent advances, high-connectivity 3D COFs have emerged as a particularly exciting development, with their intricate network structures enabling unprecedented levels of structural complexity, stability, and functionality. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis strategies, topological design principles, structural characterization techniques, and emerging applications of high-connectivity 3D COFs. We explore their potential across a broad range of cutting-edge applications, including gas adsorption and separation, macromolecule adsorption, dye removal, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, lithium–sulfur batteries, and charge transport. By examining these key areas, we aim to deepen the understanding of the intricate relationship between structure and function, guiding the rational design of next-generation COF materials. The continued advancements in this field hold immense promise for revolutionizing sectors such as energy storage, catalysis, and molecular separation, making high-connectivity 3D COFs a cornerstone for future technological innovations.

中文翻译：

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探索高连接性三维共价有机框架：拓扑、结构和新兴应用


共价有机框架 （COF） 代表了一类用途广泛的结晶多孔材料，由有机建筑单元有意组装成有序的二维 （2D） 和三维 （3D） 结构而形成。它们将拓扑精度与可调微孔或介孔结构独特地结合在一起，为材料设计提供了无与伦比的灵活性。通过选择特定的建筑单元、反应位点和官能团，可以设计 COF 以实现定制的骨架、多孔和界面特性，从而为具有优化性能的材料打开大门，适用于各种应用。在最近的进展中，高连接性 3D COF 已成为一个特别令人兴奋的发展，其复杂的网络结构实现了前所未有的结构复杂性、稳定性和功能性。本文全面概述了高连接性 3D COF 的合成策略、拓扑设计原则、结构表征技术和新兴应用。我们探索了它们在广泛的前沿应用中的潜力，包括气体吸附和分离、大分子吸附、染料去除、光催化、电催化、锂硫电池和电荷传输。通过研究这些关键领域，我们的目标是加深对结构和功能之间复杂关系的理解，指导下一代 COF 材料的合理设计。该领域的持续进步为能源存储、催化和分子分离等领域的革命带来了巨大的希望，使高连接性 3D COF 成为未来技术创新的基石。