In recent years, marine macroalgae have been recognized as potential alternative and sustainable feeding resources for livestock. Differences in nutritional values and biomass yield across macroalgal species are critical factors while aiming to utilize them as animal feed components. A brown macroalga, Saccharina latissima, also known as sugar kelp, has a promising biomass yield and high nutritional and bioactive compounds that can benefit both ruminant and monogastric animals. For example, the dietary inclusion of S. latissima in dairy and beef cattle can enhance milk yield, meat quality, and iodine content in milk and meat while reducing enteric methane emissions in vitro. However, high iodine content and the presence of some potentially toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, etc.) lead to critical challenges, demanding careful consideration while determining the inclusion level of S. latissima in the livestock feed. To address these challenges, effective post-harvest biomass processing techniques, particularly hydrothermal treatments, have shown promise in reducing heavy metals and minerals of concern (e.g., iodine) and enhancing their safety as animal feed. It is thus essential to evaluate the sustainability of post-harvest processing techniques as they are usually energy-demanding and can negatively influence nutrient utilization in animals as certain digestible fractions can disappear during processing. Furthermore, variations in the nutritional and bioactive composition of S. latissima due to seasonal and spatial factors can create challenges for commercial exploitation. In this context, multiple harvesting of biomass and choosing the appropriate harvesting seasons can maximize the nutritional potential of S. latissima. In conclusion, S. latissima can be a novel feed ingredient for livestock, but year-round biomass availability and identifying cost-effective and energy-efficient post-harvest biomass processing methods that optimize both nutritional values and digestibility of S. latissima are critical for improving animal production, performance, and health.

中文翻译：

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棕色大型藻类 Saccharina latissima（海带藻科，Phaeophyceae）作为牲畜饲料原料的应用：综述


近年来，海洋大型藻类已被公认为牲畜的潜在替代和可持续喂养资源。大型藻类物种之间营养价值和生物量产量的差异是关键因素，同时旨在将它们用作动物饲料成分。一种棕色大型藻类 Saccharina latissima，也称为糖海带，具有很有前途的生物量产量和高营养和生物活性化合物，可以使反刍动物和单胃动物受益。例如，在奶牛和肉牛中日粮中添加 S. latissima 可以提高牛奶产量、肉质和牛奶和肉类中的碘含量，同时减少体外肠道甲烷排放。然而，高碘含量和一些潜在有毒元素（砷、镉等）的存在导致了关键挑战，在确定 S. latissima 在牲畜饲料中的含量时需要仔细考虑。为了应对这些挑战，有效的收获后生物质加工技术，特别是水热处理，已显示出减少重金属和令人担忧的矿物质（例如碘）和提高其作为动物饲料的安全性的前景。因此，评估收获后加工技术的可持续性至关重要，因为它们通常需要能源，并且会对动物的营养利用产生负面影响，因为某些可消化的部分会在加工过程中消失。此外，由于季节和空间因素，阔叶草 的营养和生物活性成分的变化可能会给商业开发带来挑战。在这种情况下，多次收获生物质并选择合适的收获季节可以最大限度地发挥 S. latissima 的营养潜力。总之，S. Latissima 可以成为一种新型的牲畜饲料成分，但全年的生物量可用性和确定具有成本效益和能源效率的收获后生物质加工方法，以优化 S. latissima 的营养价值和消化率，对于提高动物生产、性能和健康至关重要。