Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are compounds composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen, originating from crude oil and its derivatives. PHs are primarily released into the environment through the diffusion of oils, resulting from anthropogenic activities like transportation and offshore drilling, and accidental incidents such as oil spills. Once released, these PHs can persist in different ecosystems and cause long-term detrimental ecological impacts. While the hazards associated with such PH contaminations are often assessed by the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment, studies focusing on the risks associated with individual PHs are limited. In this study, different network-based frameworks were utilized to explore and understand the adverse ecological effects associated with PH exposure. First, a list of 320 PHs was systematically curated from published reports. Next, biological endpoint data from toxicological databases was systematically integrated, and a stressor-centric adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network, linking 75 PHs with 177 ecotoxicologically-relevant high confidence AOPs within AOP-Wiki, was constructed. Further, stressor-species networks, based on reported toxicity concentrations and bioconcentration factors data within ECOTOX, were constructed for 80 PHs and 28 PHs, respectively. It was found that crustaceans are documented to be affected by many of these PHs. Finally, the aquatic toxicity data within ECOTOX was used to construct species sensitivity distributions for PHs, and their corresponding hazard concentrations (HC05), that are harmful to 5% of species in the aquatic ecosystem, were derived. Further, the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) and risk quotients for the US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were computed by using their environmental concentration data for Indian coastal and river waters. Overall, this study highlights the importance of using network-based approaches and risk assessment methods to understand the PH-induced toxicities effectively.

中文翻译：

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石油烃诱导的生态毒理学效应网络调查及其风险评估


石油烃 （PHs） 是主要由碳和氢组成的化合物，来源于原油及其衍生物。PH 主要通过石油扩散释放到环境中，这是由运输和海上钻探等人为活动以及石油泄漏等意外事件引起的。一旦释放，这些 PH 就会在不同的生态系统中持续存在，并造成长期的有害生态影响。虽然与此类 PH 污染相关的危害通常是通过环境中总石油烃的浓度来评估的，但专注于与单个 PH 相关的风险的研究是有限的。在这项研究中，利用不同的基于网络的框架来探索和理解与 PH 暴露相关的不良生态影响。首先，从已发表的报告中系统地整理了 320 个 PH 的列表。接下来，系统整合来自毒理学数据库的生物终点数据，并构建了一个以压力源为中心的不良结果途径 （AOP） 网络，将 AOP-Wiki 中的 75 个 PHs 与 177 个生态毒理学相关的高置信度 AOP 联系起来。此外，根据 ECOTOX 中报告的毒性浓度和生物富集因子数据，分别为 80 个 PH 和 28 个 PH 构建了压力源-物种网络。研究发现，甲壳类动物被记录在案受到许多这些 PH 的影响。最后，利用 ECOTOX 中的水生毒性数据构建 PHs 的物种敏感性分布，并得出其相应的危害浓度 （HC05），对水生生态系统中 5% 的物种有害。 此外，通过使用美国 EPA 优先多环芳烃 （PAH） 的环境浓度数据计算了美国 EPA 优先多环芳烃 （PAH） 的预测无影响浓度 （PNEC） 和风险商。总体而言，本研究强调了使用基于网络的方法和风险评估方法来有效了解 PH 诱导的毒性的重要性。