The extent to which bullying victimization is associated with an increased risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has received little empirical attention. This longitudinal, population-based, genetically informative study examined whether self-reported bullying victimization at age 15 was associated with a clinical diagnosis of OCD in the Swedish National Patient Register and with self-reported obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) at ages 18 and 24 in 16,030 twins from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Using a discordant twin design, including monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, each twin was compared with their co-twin, allowing a strict control of genetic and environmental confounding. At the population level, adjusting for birth year and sex, each standard deviation (SD) increase in bullying victimization was associated with a 32% increase in the odds of an OCD diagnosis (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.21–1.44), of 0.13 SD in OCS at age 18 (β, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.11–0.16), and of 0.11 SD in OCS at age 24 (β, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.07–0.16). While associations tended to persist in the within DZ-twin comparison models, the estimates attenuated and were no longer statistically significant in the within MZ-twin comparisons. These results suggest that the association between bullying victimization and OCD/OCS is likely due to genetic confounding and therefore incompatible with a strong causal effect. Other mechanisms, such as evocative gene-environment correlations, are more plausible explanations for the observed associations.

霸凌受害与强迫症 （OCD） 风险增加的相关程度很少受到实证关注。这项纵向、基于人群、具有遗传信息量的研究检查了 15 岁时自我报告的霸凌受害是否与瑞典国家患者登记册中强迫症的临床诊断有关，以及与瑞典儿童和青少年双胞胎研究的 16,030 名双胞胎在 18 岁和 24 岁时自我报告的强迫症症状 （OCS） 有关。使用不一致的双胞胎设计，包括同卵 （MZ） 和异卵 （DZ） 双胞胎，将每个双胞胎与他们的共同双胞胎进行比较，从而严格控制遗传和环境混杂。在人口水平上，根据出生年份和性别进行调整后，霸凌受害的每个标准差 （SD） 增加都与 OCD 诊断的几率增加 32%（OR，1.32;95% CI，1.21-1.44）相关，18 岁时 OCS 的 SD 增加 0.13%（β，0.13;95% CI，0.11-0.16），24 岁时 OCS 的 SD 增加 0.11（β， 0.11;95% CI，0.07–0.16）。虽然关联在 DZ 孪生比较模型中往往持续存在，但估计值减弱，并且在 MZ 孪生比较中不再具有统计学意义。这些结果表明，霸凌受害与 OCD/OCS 之间的关联可能是由于遗传混杂造成的，因此与强烈的因果效应不相容。其他机制，例如令人回味的基因-环境相关性，是观察到的关联的更合理的解释。