Archives of Sexual Behavior ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-03034-w Nina M. ten Hoor, Wineke J. Smid, Maaike van Dooren, Willemijn Matthijssen, Vivienne de Vogel, Jan Hendriks
Indecent exposure is often regarded as a nuisance offense and detailed studies into this topic are relatively rare. However, there is consensus that relatively high recidivism rates and risk of escalation to more severe offenses can be of serious concern among these perpetrators. This cohort study aims to increase our general knowledge on the basic characteristics of these offenses and includes all registered police cases of indecent exposure in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2020, including 6741 incidents, involving 4663 suspects and 3808 registered victims. This first study of a large cohort over a long period of time describes the basic characteristics of these incidents, the perpetrators and their victims, and visualizes the results to explore trends over time. Results show that a modal indecent exposure incident is perpetrated by a 25-year-old male, on foot, on a public road, on a Wednesday afternoon in July, masturbating and directing his genitals intentionally toward a 13-year-old girl. The age distribution of victims shows remarkable similarity to victims of sexual assault. Compared to the first year of the period studied, the number of annually reported incidents gradually declined to half in the last year of the study. Findings are discussed in light of the most prominent theories on exhibitionism. Issues and suggestions relevant to apprehension and treatment of perpetrators are identified and discussed.
中文翻译:
2012 年至 2020 年荷兰猥亵暴露的队列研究:事件、肇事者、受害者和随时间变化的趋势
猥亵暴露通常被视为滋扰犯罪,对这一主题的详细研究相对较少。然而,人们一致认为,相对较高的累犯率和升级为更严重罪行的风险可能是这些肇事者严重关注的问题。本队列研究旨在增加我们对这些犯罪基本特征的一般了解,包括 2012 年至 2020 年间荷兰所有登记的警察猥亵暴露案件,包括 6741 起事件,涉及 4663 名嫌疑人和 3808 名登记受害者。这是对长期大型队列的首次研究,描述了这些事件的基本特征、肇事者及其受害者,并将结果可视化以探索随时间变化的趋势。结果显示,一名 25 岁的男性在 7 月的一个星期三下午在公共道路上步行,手淫并故意将他的生殖器对准一名 13 岁的女孩,犯下了模态猥亵暴露事件。受害者的年龄分布与性侵犯受害者具有显著的相似性。与研究期的第一年相比,在研究的最后一年,年度报告的事件数量逐渐下降到一半。根据最突出的暴露狂理论讨论了研究结果。确定并讨论了与逮捕和治疗肇事者相关的问题和建议。