Language exposure is an important determiner of language outcomes in bilingual children. Family language strategies (FLS, e.g., one‐parent‐one‐language) were contrasted with parents’ individual language use to predict language exposure in 4–31‐month‐old children (50% female) living in Montreal, Quebec. Two‐hundred twenty one children (primarily European (48%) and mixed ethnicity (29%)) were learning two community languages (French and English) and 60 (primarily mixed ethnicity (39%) and European (16%)) were learning one community and one heritage language. Parents' individual language use better predicted exposure than FLS (explaining ~50% vs. ~6% of variance). Mothers' language use was twice as influential on children's exposure as fathers', likely due to gendered caregiving roles. In a subset of families followed longitudinally, ~25% showed changes in FLS and individual language use over time. Caregivers, especially mothers, individually shape bilingual children's language exposure.

中文翻译：

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像母亲一样的孩子：母亲和父亲的个人语言使用对双语语言暴露的不同影响


语言暴露是双语儿童语言结局的重要决定因素。将家庭语言策略 （FLS，例如，单亲一语） 与父母的个人语言使用进行对比，以预测居住在魁北克省蒙特利尔的 4-31 个月大儿童 （50% 为女性） 的语言暴露。221 名儿童（主要是欧洲人 （48%） 和混合种族 （29%））正在学习两种社区语言（法语和英语），60 名儿童（主要是混合种族 （39%） 和欧洲人 （16%））正在学习一种社区语言和一种传统语言。父母的个人语言使用比 FLS 更好的预测暴露（解释 ~50% 对 ~6% 的方差）。母亲的语言使用对孩子暴露的影响是父亲的两倍，这可能是由于性别化的照顾角色。在纵向跟踪的家庭子集中，~25% 显示 FLS 和个人语言使用随时间的变化。照顾者，尤其是母亲，会单独塑造双语儿童的语言暴露。