OBJECTIVE Despite the risks inherent to custodial police interrogation, criminal suspects may waive their Miranda rights and submit to police questioning in fear that exercising their rights or remaining silent will make them appear guilty. We tested whether such a Miranda penalty exists. HYPOTHESES We predicted that people would perceive suspects who invoke their Miranda rights or sit in silence during an interrogation as more likely to be guilty than those who waive their Miranda rights. METHOD In two experiments, undergraduate psychology students (Experiment 1; N = 256) and students enrolled in law-enforcement-related degree programs (Experiment 2; N = 119) were instructed to play the role of a police officer investigating a series of crimes in which the suspect invoked his Miranda rights, sat in silence, or spoke to police. Participants evaluated each suspect along various characteristics (e.g., honest, suspicious), assessed his likely guilt, and reported how many hours they would allocate to investigating the suspect versus other potential suspects. RESULTS Suspects who invoked their right to silence or remained silent, compared with those who waived their rights and spoke to police, were perceived more negatively and judged as guiltier. Participants also allocated more hours toward investigating such suspects. CONCLUSIONS The protective power of Miranda is eroded by the tendency for people to infer guilt from a suspect's decision to invoke Miranda or remain silent during police interrogation. This Miranda penalty violates suspects' legal protection from being penalized for exercising their constitutional rights against self-incrimination and may bias the investigation and prosecution of criminal suspects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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米兰达的处罚：从嫌疑人的沉默中推断有罪。


目的 尽管拘留警察审讯存在固有风险，但犯罪嫌疑人可能会放弃他们的米兰达权利并接受警方的讯问，因为他们担心行使他们的权利或保持沉默会使他们显得有罪。我们测试了是否存在这样的 Miranda 惩罚。假设 我们预测，人们会认为援引米兰达权利或在审讯期间保持沉默的嫌疑人比放弃米兰达权利的嫌疑人更有可能有罪。方法 在两个实验中，心理学本科生（实验 1;N = 256）和就读于执法相关学位课程的学生（实验 2;N = 119）被指示扮演警官的角色，调查一系列犯罪，在这些犯罪中，嫌疑人援引了他的米兰达权利，保持沉默，或与警方交谈。参与者根据各种特征（例如，诚实、可疑）评估每个嫌疑人，评估他可能的罪行，并报告他们将分配多少小时来调查嫌疑人与其他潜在嫌疑人。结果 与放弃权利并与警方交谈的嫌疑人相比，援引沉默权或保持沉默的嫌疑人被认为更负面，并被判定有罪。参与者还分配了更多时间来调查此类嫌疑人。结论 Miranda 的保护力被人们倾向于从嫌疑人决定援引 Miranda 或在警察审讯期间保持沉默来推断有罪而受到侵蚀。米兰达的这种处罚违反了嫌疑人因行使宪法权利免于自证其罪而受到处罚的法律保护，并可能使犯罪嫌疑人的调查和起诉产生偏见。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。