This article looks again at the history of British migration policy in the 1940s and 1950s by centering international and imperial politics, and by drawing on archives related to shipping. These sources suggest that the British government sought to reactivate a system of race-segregated mobility across the Empire-Commonwealth after the Second World War. This involved subsidizing fares for emigrants bound for Australia, transporting migrants from Europe to the UK, and withdrawing shipping from routes that connected the Caribbean to the UK. Very soon, however, these policies came under strain. There were not enough deep-sea ships to meet demand for berths to Australia or to bring over recruited European migrants. Then the Australian government found new ways to ship migrants from continental Europe by signing a deal with the International Refugee Organization, challenging UK policy to keep Australian immigration British. Meanwhile, new routes were opened up from the Caribbean and South Asia to the UK. These trends raised a host of dilemmas for policymakers and all related to transport infrastructure. Thinking about transport can deepen our understanding of migration history, and the article's conclusion suggests some of the ways that taking such an approach can contribute to existing explanations for the government's fateful decision to amend the UK's nationality and citizenship legislation during the 1960s.

中文翻译：

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运输彩色航线：1943-51 年大英帝国的移民和运输政策


本文以国际和帝国政治为中心，并借鉴与航运相关的档案，再次回顾了 1940 年代和 1950 年代英国移民政策的历史。这些消息来源表明，第二次世界大战后，英国政府试图在帝国-英联邦重新激活种族隔离的流动系统。这包括为前往澳大利亚的移民提供票价补贴，将移民从欧洲运送到英国，以及从连接加勒比海和英国的航线上撤出航运。然而，这些政策很快就受到了压力。没有足够的深海船只来满足对澳大利亚泊位的需求或引入招募的欧洲移民。然后，澳大利亚政府通过与国际难民组织签署协议，找到了从欧洲大陆运送移民的新方法，挑战了英国保持澳大利亚移民英国化的政策。与此同时，开辟了从加勒比海和南亚到英国的新航线。这些趋势给政策制定者带来了许多困境，所有这些都与交通基础设施有关。思考交通可以加深我们对移民历史的理解，文章的结论表明，采取这种方法可能有助于对政府在 1960 年代修改英国国籍和公民身份立法的宿命决定的现有解释。