The genus Paris, comprising a series of distinctive medicinal plants, has been utilized globally for its therapeutic properties over centuries. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that secondary metabolites from Paris species exhibit significant pharmacological activities, including anticancer, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and other effects. Additionally, the unique morphological traits and large genome size of Paris species have continuously captivated the interest of botanists and horticulturalists. Nonetheless, the conservation of wild Paris populations is threatened due to the lengthy reproductive cycle and overexploitation, posing considerable challenges to their development and sustainable use. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the botanical characteristics, historical medicinal uses, pharmacological effects and toxicity evaluation of secondary metabolites in Paris species. It also covers the molecular biological research conducted on the genus Paris and proposes key research questions and important directions for future solutions. We advocate for the expansion and implementation of multi-omics approaches, as well as molecular and genetic technologies recently advanced in model plant research, to intensively study Paris species. This will facilitate the comprehensive understanding of gene function and molecular mechanisms underlying specialized metabolite formation in Paris.

中文翻译：

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巴黎属：药用和植物学研究的迷人资源


巴黎属由一系列独特的药用植物组成，几个世纪以来因其治疗特性而在全球范围内得到广泛利用。现代药理学研究表明，来自巴黎物种的次生代谢物表现出显著的药理活性，包括抗癌、止血、抗炎、抗菌等作用。此外，巴黎物种独特的形态特征和较大的基因组大小不断吸引着植物学家和园艺学家的兴趣。尽管如此，由于繁殖周期长和过度开发，野生巴黎种群的保护受到威胁，对其发展和可持续利用构成了相当大的挑战。本文全面概述了 Paris 物种次生代谢物的植物学特性、历史药用用途、药理作用和毒性评价。它还涵盖了对 Paris 属进行的分子生物学研究，并提出了关键研究问题和未来解决方案的重要方向。我们倡导扩展和实施多组学方法，以及最近在模式植物研究中取得进展的分子和遗传技术，以深入研究巴黎物种。这将有助于全面了解巴黎特化代谢物形成的基因功能和分子机制。