Understanding the issues of natural capital, group consumption, and the role of internal and external factors in discussions on the sustainability of ecosystem services (ES) can help to realize sustainable socio‐ecological system management. However, previous studies have complemented ecological management practices from a holistic or ES supply perspective, with little consideration of spatial and temporal differences in supply–demand mismatches across ecoregions. On the basis of the frameworks of spatial quantification, matching analysis, driver identification, and management strategy development, this study explores the differences in the supply and demand of key ES in various ecological zones of the South China Karst (SCK) and employs correlation analyses to reveal the direction and degree of influence of the drivers on the mismatch of supply and demand. Furthermore, valuable ecological management strategies are provided. The results showed that, in general, the supply of habitat quality (HQ) and carbon sequestration (CS) decreased, and the supply capacity for soil conservation (SC), food provision (FP), and water yield (WY) improved. The demand for WY decreased, whereas the demand for all other services increased to varying degrees. Except for the SC imbalance, the supply and demand of other ES matched well, with localized mismatch areas concentrated around the city. These gradually evolved from a point distribution to a continuous type of line or even surface distribution from 2000 to 2020. The temporal and spatial variability of ES was evident in different ecoregions, and key socio‐ecological drivers were inconsistent in their ability to explain ES supply and demand mismatches, especially in medium‐high mountain regions. Additionally, we provide valuable spatial planning and ecological management strategies for future socioe‐cological system management on the basis of the results of different regional studies.

中文翻译：

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华南高空间异质性岩溶生态区生态系统服务供需错配及其驱动因素


了解自然资本、群体消费以及内部和外部因素在生态系统服务 （ES） 可持续性讨论中的作用问题，有助于实现可持续的社会生态系统管理。然而，以前的研究从整体或 ES 供应的角度补充了生态管理实践，很少考虑跨生态区供需错配的空间和时间差异。本文基于空间量化、匹配分析、驱动因素识别和管理策略制定等框架，探讨了华南喀斯特（SCK）各生态区关键ES供需差异，并采用相关性分析揭示驱动因素对供需失配的影响方向和程度。此外，还提供了有价值的生态管理策略。结果表明，总体而言，栖息地质量 （HQ） 和碳封存 （CS） 的供应减少，土壤保持 （SC）、食物供应 （FP） 和水产率 （WY） 的供应能力提高。对 WY 的需求下降，而对所有其他服务的需求都不同程度地增加。除 SC 失衡外，其他 ES 的供需匹配良好，局部错配区域集中在城市周围。从 2000 年到 2020 年，这些逐渐从点分布演变为连续类型的线甚至表面分布。ES 的时间和空间变异性在不同的生态区是明显的，关键的社会生态驱动因素在解释 ES 供需不匹配的能力上不一致，尤其是在中高山地区。 此外，我们根据不同区域研究的结果，为未来的社会学系统管理提供有价值的空间规划和生态管理策略。