CONTEXT The risk of early neurodevelopmental delay is increasingly recognized in children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLP; 32-36 weeks' gestation), but school-aged cognitive outcomes are unclear, particularly for domains such as executive function (EF). OBJECTIVE To evaluate EF outcomes (attentional control, cognitive flexibility, and goal setting) in school-aged children born MLP compared with children born at term. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus. STUDY SELECTION Studies assessing EF outcomes (overall EF, attentional control, cognitive flexibility, and goal setting) in children born MLP aged between 6 and 17 years, which included a term-born control group. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers screened for eligibility and completed the risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and 1 reviewer extracted data. Random effects meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS Twelve studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analyses (2348 MLP children and 20 322 controls). Children born MLP had poorer overall EF compared with children born at term (standardized mean difference, -0.15, 95% confidence interval, -0.21 to -0.09; P < .0001; I2 = 47.59%). Similar conclusions were noted across the subdomains of attentional control, cognitive flexibility, and goal setting. LIMITATIONS Study methodologies and EF measures varied. Only a small number of studies met eligibility criteria and were from developed countries. CONCLUSIONS School-aged children born MLP may experience greater challenges in EF compared with term-born children. Further research is needed to investigate the potential impact these challenges have on functional outcomes such as academic achievement and social-emotional functioning.

中文翻译：

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中晚期早产儿的执行功能：荟萃分析。


背景 中晚期早产儿 （MLP;妊娠 32-36 周） 儿童的早期神经发育迟缓风险越来越受到认可，但学龄期认知结果尚不清楚，特别是对于执行功能 （EF） 等领域。目的 评估与足月出生儿童相比，MLP 出生的学龄儿童的 EF 结局 （注意力控制、认知灵活性和目标设定）。数据来源 Medline、Embase、PsycInfo 和 Scopus。研究选择 评估 6 至 17 岁出生 MLP 儿童的 EF 结局（总体 EF、注意力控制、认知灵活性和目标设定）的研究，其中包括足月出生的对照组。资料提取 2 名评价员筛选合格性并使用 Newcastle-Ottawa 量表完成偏倚风险评估，1 名评价员提取资料。进行随机效应荟萃分析。结果 12 项研究符合纳入 meta 分析的条件 （2348 例 MLP 儿童和 20 322 例对照）。与足月出生的儿童相比，MLP 出生的儿童总体 EF 较差（标准化均数差，-0.15,95% 置信区间，-0.21 至 -0.09;P < .0001;I2 = 47.59%）。在注意力控制、认知灵活性和目标设定的子领域中也得出了类似的结论。局限性 研究方法和 EF 测量各不相同。只有少数研究符合纳入标准，并且来自发达国家。结论 与足月出生的儿童相比，出生 MLP 的学龄儿童在 EF 中可能经历更大的挑战。需要进一步的研究来调查这些挑战对学业成绩和社会情感功能等功能结果的潜在影响。