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Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) composition of fish sperm: nexus of dietary, evolutionary, and biomechanical drivers
Progress in Lipid Research ( IF 14.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101305
Deepali Rahi Roy, Koushik Roy, Stephane Panserat, Vlastimil Stejskal, Jan Mraz, Giovanni M. Turchini

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) like arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) constitute one-third to half of fish sperm lipids. Fish sperm is rich in phospholipid (PL)—primarily phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. DHA is generally the most abundant LC-PUFA in each PL class, followed by competition between ARA and EPA. While the total n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio does not correlate significantly with sperm biomechanics, LC-PUFA do. DHA positively influences sperm biomechanics, while ARA and EPA may be negatively associated. Fish sperm maintains lower (≤1) total n-6 PUFA per unit of n-3 PUFA but keep a higher (>1) ARA per unit EPA. A weak dietary influence on sperm EPA and DHA exists but not on ARA. The DHA: EPA ratio in fish sperm is often >1, though values <1 occur. Certain species cannot fortify DHA sufficiently during spermatogenesis, diverging through whole genome duplications. Fish sperm can show ARA: EPA ratios greater or less than 1, due to shifts in prostaglandin pathways in different evolutionary eras. DHA-rich PL bilayers provide unique packing and fusogenic properties, with ARA/EPA-derived eicosanoids guiding sperm rheotaxis/chemotaxis, modulated by DHA-derived resolvins. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) sometimes substitutes for DHA in fish sperm.

中文翻译:


鱼精子的长链多不饱和脂肪酸 (LC-PUFA) 组成:饮食、进化和生物力学驱动因素的联系



长链多不饱和脂肪酸 (LC-PUFA),如花生四烯酸 (ARA, 20:4n-6)、二十碳五烯酸 (EPA, 20:5n-3) 和二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA, 22:6n-3) 占鱼精子脂质的三分之一到一半。鱼精子富含磷脂 (PL),主要是磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺和鞘磷脂。DHA 通常是每个 PL 类别中含量最高的 LC-PUFA,其次是 ARA 和 EPA 之间的竞争。虽然总 n-6:n-3 PUFA 比率与精子生物力学没有显著相关性,但 LC-PUFA 有。DHA 对精子生物力学有积极影响,而 ARA 和 EPA 可能呈负相关。鱼精子每单位 n-3 PUFA 保持较低的 (≤1) 总 n-6 PUFA,但每单位 EPA 保持较高的 (>1) ARA。饮食对精子 EPA 和 DHA 的影响较弱,但对 ARA 没有影响。鱼精子中的 DHA:EPA 比率通常为 >1,但也有 <1 的值。某些物种在精子发生过程中无法充分强化 DHA,通过全基因组复制进行分化。鱼精子可以显示 ARA:EPA 比率大于或小于 1,这是由于不同进化时代前列腺素途径的变化。富含 DHA 的 PL 双层具有独特的堆积和融合特性,ARA/EPA 衍生的类花生酸指导精子变变性/趋化性,受 DHA 衍生的消退素调节。二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA, 22:5n-3) 有时可以替代鱼精子中的 DHA。
更新日期:2024-11-19
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