This article uses an original dataset to sketch a portrait of women mayoral candidates and women elected as mayors in Italy in the period 1993–2021. The analysis highlights several significant findings. Women must compensate for their political marginality by deploying other resources, such as higher levels of education. Nevertheless, women are penalised not only by the reluctance of parties to put them forward as candidates, but also by the elections themselves. More specifically, the electoral presence and strength of women decreases when the population size of the municipality grows, except for municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Moreover, women candidates are most disadvantaged in geographical areas where the socioeconomic condition of women is more marginal. However, women mayors running for a second mandate have the same chance of winning as men. Finally, it is the protest parties, rather than the left-wing parties, that are revealed as doing the most to promote women.

中文翻译：

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意大利的女性候选人和市长 （1993–2021）


本文使用原始数据集勾勒了 1993 年至 2021 年期间意大利女性市长候选人和当选市长的女性肖像。该分析强调了几个重要的发现。女性必须通过部署其他资源来弥补她们的政治边缘地位，例如更高的教育水平。然而，妇女不仅因为政党不愿意推举她们作为候选人而受到惩罚，而且还因为选举本身而受到惩罚。更具体地说，当城市人口规模增长时，女性的选举影响力和实力会下降，但居民超过 100,000 的城市除外。此外，女性候选人在女性社会经济状况更加边缘的地理区域处于最不利的地位。然而，竞选第二个任期的女性市长与男性有相同的获胜机会。最后，抗议党派，而不是左翼政党，被揭露为在促进女性方面做得最为明显。