Background Dietary patterns promoting chronic inflammation, including the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP), have been associated with certain cancers. Investigating whether this dietary pattern is associated with breast cancer—where the role of inflammation is less well-defined—could provide valuable insights and potentially improve strategies for preventing this cancer. Methods We prospectively followed 76,386 women from Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1984-2018) and 92,886 women from Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII, 1991-2019). Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) every 4 years, starting at baseline. The inflammatory potential of diet was evaluated using the validated EDIP based on plasma CRP, IL-6, and TNFα-R2. Higher scores indicate higher dietary inflammatory potential. Hazard ratios and 95%CIs of overall and subtypes of breast cancer were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Results During 4,490,842 person-years of follow-up, we documented 11,026 breast cancer cases. Women in the highest, compared with the lowest, EDIP quintile were at higher breast cancer risk (HRQ5vs.Q1=1.12; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.19; P-trend<0.001). The association was stronger for ER-negative tumors (HRQ5vs.Q1=1.29; 95% CI, 1.09, 1.53; P-trend=0.003). Also, we observed that the association of EDIP with breast cancer risk differed by molecular subtype, with the strongest association observed with basal-like tumors (HRQ5vs.Q1=1.80; 95% CI, 1.20, 2.71; P-trend=0.004). Conclusions Higher EDIP scores were associated with a modestly increased risk of breast cancer, which was more pronounced for ER-negative and basal-like breast tumors. These results support the hypothesis that diet-related inflammation plays a role in breast cancer etiology, particularly tumors lacking hormone receptors.

中文翻译：

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美国女性促炎性饮食模式以及乳腺癌总型和亚型的风险


背景 促进慢性炎症的饮食模式，包括经验性饮食炎症模式 （EDIP），与某些癌症有关。调查这种饮食模式是否与乳腺癌有关——炎症的作用不太明确——可以提供有价值的见解，并有可能改进预防这种癌症的策略。方法 我们前瞻性跟踪了护士健康研究 （NHS， 1984-2018） 中的 76,386 名女性和护士健康研究 II （NHSII， 1991-2019） 中的 92,886 名女性。从基线开始，每 4 年通过食物频率问卷 （FFQ） 评估饮食。使用基于血浆 CRP 、 IL-6 和 TNFα-R2 的经过验证的 EDIP 评估饮食的炎症潜力。分数越高表明饮食炎症的可能性越高。使用多变量调整的 Cox 回归模型估计乳腺癌总体和亚型的风险比和 95% CI。结果 在 4,490,842 人年的随访中，我们记录了 11,026 例乳腺癌病例。与最低的 EDIP 五分位数相比，最高 EDIP 五分位数的女性患乳腺癌的风险更高（HRQ5vs.Q1=1.12;95% CI，1.05,1.19;P-趋势<0.001）。ER 阴性肿瘤的相关性更强 （HRQ5vs.Q1=1.29;95% CI，1.09,1.53;P 趋势 = 0.003）。此外，我们观察到 EDIP 与乳腺癌风险的相关性因分子亚型而异，其中观察到与基底样肿瘤的相关性最强 （HRQ5vs.Q1=1.80;95% CI，1.20,2.71;P 趋势 = 0.004）。结论 较高的 EDIP 评分与乳腺癌风险适度增加相关，这在 ER 阴性和基底样乳腺肿瘤中更为明显。 这些结果支持饮食相关炎症在乳腺癌病因中发挥作用的假设，尤其是缺乏激素受体的肿瘤。