The antibiotic sulfadimethoxine (SMX) has been persistent among various pharmaceuticals in water sources. The purpose of this work is to investigate SMX removal through adsorption using four different meso-carbonaceous materials or composites based on mesoporous carbon/titania (C-meso; C-meso/TiO₂; CN-meso; CN-meso/TiO₂). The adsorption efficiency of the materials and the influence of the main operational parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH, were investigated. Moreover, a fixed-bed column process was also conducted to simulate a continuous-flow scenario and evaluate the material’s adsorbent performance under practical conditions, resulting in the best outcomes. Breakthrough curves obtained from the column were assessed by the Monte Carlo Bayesian method, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of the adsorption process model. Outcomes show that the material with better results was C-meso/TiO₂, achieving the maximum quantity of SMX adsorbed in equilibrium (q_e) of 50 mg_SMX /g for 100% of SMX removed. Fixed-bed column outcomes show a broad range of maximum adsorption capacities (5.80 to 132.94 mg of SMX/g). Bayesian statistical methods identified the Yan and log-Gompertz models as the most appropriate with R² values of 0.94 and 0.95, respectively. The study demonstrated that C-meso/TiO₂ is a highly effective adsorbent for SMX removal in both batch and continuous systems. The results highlight the critical role of optimizing operational parameters to maximize the adsorption efficiency. The Bayesian statistical approach provided robust models for predicting breakthrough behaviors, which are essential for scaling up the process.

中文翻译：

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通过吸附在介孔碳/二氧化钛复合材料上去除水溶液中的磺胺二甲氧嘧啶：批量规模、固定床柱和贝叶斯建模


抗生素磺胺二甲氧嘧啶 （SMX） 在水源中的各种药物中一直存在。这项工作的目的是研究使用四种不同的介碳材料或基于介孔碳/二氧化钛 （C-meso;C-内消旋/TiO₂;CN-meso;CN-meso/TiO₂）。研究了材料的吸附效率和吸附剂用量、接触时间和 pH 值等主要操作参数的影响。此外，还进行了固定床塔工艺来模拟连续流场景，并在实际条件下评估材料的吸附剂性能，从而获得最佳结果。通过蒙特卡洛贝叶斯方法评估从色谱柱获得的穿透曲线，提高了吸附过程模型的准确性和稳定性。结果表明，效果更好的材料是 C-meso/TiO₂，对于去除 100% 的 SMX，达到 50 mg_SMX /g 的平衡吸附最大量 （q_e）。固定柱结果显示最大吸附容量范围很广（5.80 至 132.94 mg SMX/g）。贝叶斯统计方法确定 Yan 和 log-Gompertz 模型最合适，R² 值分别为 0.94 和 0.95。研究表明，C-meso/TiO₂ 是一种高效的吸附剂，可在批量和连续系统中去除 SMX。结果突出了优化操作参数以最大限度地提高吸附效率的关键作用。贝叶斯统计方法为预测突破性行为提供了强大的模型，这对于扩大流程至关重要。