High-power lasers operating at the 2 μm wavelength domain have gained considerable interest in recent times owing to their distinct characteristics and versatile applications in the field of medical and industrial precision processing. This article presents a comprehensive review of high-power lasers, beginning with an overview of rare-earth silica fiber as a critical component for high-power lasers performing at 2 μm. Subsequently, the research progress of three essential high-power laser technologies – continuous-wave (CW), pulsed, and single-frequency (SF) lasers – is thoroughly analyzed, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. Moreover, the potential of combining silica fibers with Raman technology for effective wavelength extension in 2 μm lasers is explored. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the current challenges associated with the progression of high-power fiber lasers and outlines potential avenues for future advancements.

中文翻译：

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高功率 2 μm 光纤激光器的最新进展：进展、应用和未来前景的全面研究


在 2 μm 波长域上运行的高功率激光器由于其独特的特性和在医疗和工业精密加工领域的广泛应用，近年来引起了相当大的兴趣。本文对高功率激光器进行了全面回顾，首先概述了稀土二氧化硅光纤作为 2 μm 高功率激光器的关键组件。随后，对连续波 （CW）、脉冲和单频 （SF） 激光器这三种重要的高功率激光技术的研究进展进行了深入分析，强调了它们各自的优势和局限性。此外，还探索了将二氧化硅光纤与拉曼技术相结合在 2 μm 激光器中实现有效波长扩展的潜力。此外，本文强调了与高功率光纤激光器发展相关的当前挑战，并概述了未来进步的潜在途径。