Autologous bone (AB) is the gold standard for bone-replacement surgeries¹, despite its limited availability and the need for an extra surgical site. Traditionally, competitive biomaterials for bone repair have focused on mimicking the mineral aspect of bone, as evidenced by the widespread clinical use of bioactive ceramics². However, AB also exhibits hierarchical organic structures that might substantially affect bone regeneration. Here, using a range of cell-free biomimetic-collagen-based materials in murine and ovine bone-defect models, we demonstrate that a hierarchical hybrid microstructure—specifically, the twisted plywood pattern of collagen and its association with poorly crystallized bioapatite—favourably influences bone regeneration. Our study shows that the most structurally biomimetic material has the potential to stimulate bone growth, highlighting the pivotal role of physicochemical properties in supporting bone formation and offering promising prospects as a competitive bone-graft material.

自体骨 （AB） 是骨置换手术的金标准¹，尽管其可用性有限并且需要额外的手术部位。传统上，用于骨骼修复的竞争性生物材料侧重于模拟骨骼的矿物质方面，生物活性陶瓷的广泛临床使用证明了这一点²。然而，AB 也表现出可能严重影响骨再生的分层有机结构。在这里，在小鼠和绵羊骨缺损模型中使用一系列基于无细胞仿生胶原蛋白的材料，我们证明了分层混合微观结构——特别是胶原蛋白的扭曲胶合板图案及其与结晶不良的生物磷灰石的关联——对骨再生产生有利影响。我们的研究表明，结构最仿生的材料具有刺激骨骼生长的潜力，突出了物理化学特性在支持骨形成方面的关键作用，并为作为有竞争力的骨移植材料提供了广阔的前景。