Vision is crucial for intelligent machines to detect and interact with their environments. However, conventional artificial vision systems (AVS) are hindered by several limitations, including narrowed field of view, optical aberrations, limited adaptability and suboptimal efficiency. Advancements in nanomaterials have facilitated the development of biomimetic optoelectronics that structurally or functionally mimic biological eyes. Two main approaches have revolutionized AVS: biomimetic designs that replicate the superior optical performance of biological eyes, enhancing the field of view, imaging quality and adaptability, and neuromorphic optoelectronics that integrate processing functions at the sensory endpoints, thus boosting computational and energy efficiency. This Review emphasizes nanomaterial-based biomimetic optoelectronics, featuring novel curved image sensors and neuromorphic devices. We delve into advanced nanomaterials and innovative design strategies that underpin these novel AVS. This Review aims to offer valuable insights to inspire researchers to advance the development of next-generation vision devices.

视觉对于智能机器检测环境并与之交互至关重要。然而，传统的人工视觉系统 （AVS） 受到一些限制的阻碍，包括视野狭窄、光学像差、适应性有限和效率欠佳。纳米材料的进步促进了仿生光电子学的发展，这种光电子学在结构或功能上模仿生物眼。两种主要方法彻底改变了 AVS：仿生设计，复制生物眼的卓越光学性能，增强视野、成像质量和适应性，以及神经形态光电子学，在传感终点集成处理功能，从而提高计算和能源效率。本综述强调了基于纳米材料的仿生光电子学，具有新型曲面图像传感器和神经形态器件。我们深入研究了支撑这些新型 AVS 的先进纳米材料和创新设计策略。本综述旨在提供有价值的见解，以激励研究人员推进下一代视觉设备的开发。