Hydrogels are promising sensing materials for various smart and biocompatible applications; nevertheless, it is still challenging to enhance their mechanical property and stability in wide temperature windows and under extreme conditions (such as dry and swelling state). Herein, we report a strong, tough, anti-freezing and anti-dehydration organohydrogel achieved by designing a dual-network structure with multi-crosslinking interactions. The interpenetrated ploy (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) chains and poly [N, N dimethyl (methylacryylethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] (PDMAPS)/polyacrylamide (PAM) block copolymer chains provide abundant hydrogen bonds and cation-anion dipole interactions; meantime, dimethyl sulfoxide and CaCl2 are added to further improve the mechanical properties, and to facilitate the conductivity and anti-freezing property. By systematically optimizing the multi-intercations among these components, the organohydrogel reaches high tensile strength (2.7 MPa), high stretchability (630%), considerable ionic conductivity (2.4 mS cm-1 at RT). More importantly, it achieves remarkable stability in a wide temperature range of -40~80℃. Then, the organohydrogel sensors in resistive- and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-mode are demonstrated for strain/temperature sensing, and non-contact distance/materials sensing, respectively, suggesting their great potentials in flexible electronics in the future.

中文翻译：

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用于柔性传感器的多交联坚固、坚韧和抗冻有机氢凝胶


水凝胶是适用于各种智能和生物相容性应用的有前途的传感材料;然而，在宽温度窗口和极端条件（如干燥和膨胀状态）下提高其机械性能和稳定性仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们报道了一种坚固、坚韧、抗冻和抗脱水的有机水凝胶，通过设计具有多交联相互作用的双网络结构来实现。互穿的 ploy （乙烯醇） （PVA） 链和聚 [N， N 二甲基（甲基丙烯酰乙基）丙烷磺酸铵] （PDMAPS）/聚丙烯酰胺 （PAM） 嵌段共聚物链提供丰富的氢键和阳离子-阴离子偶极相互作用;同时，加入二甲基亚砜和 CaCl2 以进一步改善机械性能，并促进导电性和抗冻性。通过系统地优化这些组分之间的多次相互作用，有机水凝胶达到了高拉伸强度 （2.7 MPa）、高拉伸性 （630%）、相当大的离子电导率（室温下 2.4 mS cm-1）。更重要的是，它在 -40~80°C 的宽温度范围内实现了出色的稳定性。然后，展示了电阻和摩擦纳米发电机 （TENG） 模式下的有机氢凝胶传感器分别用于应变/温度传感和非接触式距离/材料传感，表明它们在未来柔性电子学中具有巨大潜力。