Bisphenol A (BPA) is an emerging contaminant that disrupts endocrine systems and poses significant risks to organisms. It is increasingly detected in municipal wastewater due to its widespread use and high production volume. Despite this, gaps remain in understanding the sources of BPA in municipal wastewater, its effects on nitrification and denitrification, and the potential for its co-removal with ammonia or nitrate during biological nitrogen removal processes. This review first examines the sources of BPA, primarily from industrial effluents and landfill leachates, which enter wastewater treatment plants alongside domestic sewage. Additionally, it meticulously elucidated the influences, co-removal with nitrogen performance, and biotransformation mechanisms of BPA during nitrification and denitrification processes, shedding light on biotransformation pathways, functional microbes and key enzymes. While there is no consensus on BPA removal in anoxic conditions, aerobic environments support its biodegradation through various microorganisms. Lastly, the potential for microbial cooperation to enhance BPA and nitrogen co-removal is discussed, focusing on bacterial mutual alliances and bacteria-algae metabolic interaction consortiums. This review provides valuable guidance for the synergistic removal of BPA and nitrogen in wastewater treatment processes.

中文翻译：

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硝化和反硝化去除双酚 A 的发生、机制和微生物共生关系


双酚 A （BPA） 是一种新兴污染物，会破坏内分泌系统并对生物体构成重大风险。由于其广泛使用和高产量，它越来越多地在城市污水中被检测到。尽管如此，在了解城市污水中 BPA 的来源、其对硝化和反硝化的影响以及在生物脱氮过程中它与氨或硝酸盐共同去除的可能性方面仍然存在差距。本综述首先研究了 BPA 的来源，主要来自工业废水和垃圾渗滤液，它们与生活污水一起进入污水处理厂。此外，它还仔细阐明了 BPA 在硝化和反硝化过程中的影响、与氮性能的共同去除以及生物转化机制，阐明了生物转化途径、功能微生物和关键酶。虽然对于在缺氧条件下去除 BPA 尚未达成共识，但好氧环境支持其通过各种微生物进行生物降解。最后，讨论了微生物合作增强 BPA 和氮共去除的潜力，重点是细菌相互联盟和细菌-藻类代谢相互作用联盟。本文为废水处理过程中 BPA 和氮的协同去除提供了有价值的指导。