This paper explores mesoscale conduction-based modeling of Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED) for metallic materials. We benchmark the forward Euler (explicit) time integration strategy against the backward Euler (implicit) scheme using two experimentally validated simulations. Our results demonstrate the explicit scheme’s faster computational speed. Additionally, we identify previously overlooked flaws associated with its application in additive manufacturing. However, we also demonstrate that it encounters limitations when applied to LDED and highlight the need for a more stable explicit scheme.

中文翻译：

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使用正向 Euler 方案对激光定向能量沉积进行高效热建模：方法、优点和局限性


本文探讨了金属材料激光定向能量沉积 （LDED） 的基于介尺度传导的建模。我们使用两个经过实验验证的仿真，将前向欧拉（显式）时间积分策略与后向欧拉（隐式）方案进行基准测试。我们的结果表明，显式方案的计算速度更快。此外，我们还发现了以前被忽视的与其在增材制造中的应用相关的缺陷。然而，我们也证明它在应用于 LDED 时遇到了局限性，并强调了需要更稳定的显式方案。