Despite growing interest in the use of data for product and service development, a comprehensive understanding of how data is employed in the context of new product, service and product–service system development is lacking. With the aim of deepening understanding of data as a critical resource for generating value through new products and services, we conducted a systematic literature review, conceptualised through a framework and evaluated with a questionnaire survey. This study (1) identifies the relationships between methodologies and various data-x design concepts, together with their contributions; (2) investigates the types of data captured and utilised across the product/service development process; (3) identifies data-driven design (DDD) activities and the types of data for each activity and (4) develops and validates an evidence-based framework of DDD for new product/service development processes. This study is distinct from previous work as our theoretical foundation identifies seven DDD activities alongside the types of data captured and utilised throughout the new product, service or product–service system development. The key findings highlight the relationship between commonly used concepts for using data in product/service development (i.e., data-driven, -enabled, -centric, -aware, -informed, and design analytics) and their methodological differences. The findings show that whereas data is currently captured predominantly from the in-use phase of a product/service, it is mainly used to support concept development. This paper contributes by developing a DDD framework, which helps practitioners understand how data and machine learning approaches can be used for product/service development. The evidence-based framework also contributes to the body of knowledge on data-x design and the understanding of the role of data in product/service development.

中文翻译：

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D3 框架：用于新产品服务开发的循证数据驱动设计框架


尽管人们对使用数据进行产品和服务开发的兴趣日益浓厚，但缺乏对如何在新产品、服务和产品服务系统开发中使用数据的全面了解。为了加深对数据作为通过新产品和服务创造价值的关键资源的理解，我们进行了系统的文献综述，通过框架进行概念化，并通过问卷调查进行评估。本研究 （1） 确定了方法与各种 data-x 设计概念之间的关系及其贡献;（2） 调查在整个产品/服务开发过程中捕获和使用的数据类型;（3） 确定数据驱动设计 （DDD） 活动和每个活动的数据类型，以及 （4） 为新产品/服务开发流程开发和验证基于证据的 DDD 框架。这项研究与以前的工作不同，因为我们的理论基础确定了七项 DDD 活动以及在整个新产品、服务或产品服务系统开发过程中捕获和使用的数据类型。主要发现强调了在产品/服务开发中使用数据的常用概念（即数据驱动、启用、以中心、感知、知情和设计分析）之间的关系及其方法差异。研究结果表明，虽然目前数据主要来自产品/服务的使用阶段，但它主要用于支持概念开发。本文通过开发 DDD 框架做出贡献，该框架可帮助从业者了解如何将数据和机器学习方法用于产品 / 服务开发。 循证框架还有助于 data-x 设计的知识体系和对数据在产品/服务开发中的作用的理解。