The sub-lethal ecotoxicity of field-contaminated soils toward small soil fauna, such as enchytraeids, remains understudied but holds paramount importance in soil pollution assessment. This study employed Enchytraeus crypticus to evaluate metal-contaminated soils from a mining area across various levels of biological organization, including individual level responses (survival, growth, reproduction, Cd/Pb/Zn accumulation), cellular level effects (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA)) and genetic alterations (olive tail moment (OTM) and tail DNA%). The study revealed considerable Cd and Pb accumulation, exerting adverse impacts on the reproduction and growth of the enchytraeids after a 21-day exposure. Changes in cellular and genetic parameters occurred with increasing exposure concentration and duration, indicating heightened lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in enchytraeids. A noteworthy metal detoxification process, evident at a physical level, was identified in E. crypticus, characterized by an initial escalation in toxicity followed by a subsequent decline. A distinctive complementary mechanism governing oxidative damage was detected in the enchytraeids, with an initial suppression of CAT activity, followed by inductions in SOD, POD, and GSH activity. Over the exposure duration, MDA content and DNA damage in the enchytraeids exhibited concentration-dependent shifts indicating their potential as efficient early-warning indicators for assessing the impact of Pb-Zn mining soils. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the toxicological implications of metal-contaminated soils within the soil-enchytraeid framework.

中文翻译：

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暴露于矿区田间污染土壤的土壤无脊椎动物 Enchytraeus crypticus 不同生物组织水平的响应


田间污染土壤对小型土壤动物（如 enchytraeids）的亚致死性生态毒性仍未得到充分研究，但在土壤污染评估中具有至关重要的重要性。本研究使用 Enchytraeus crypticus 评估了矿区不同生物组织水平的金属污染土壤，包括个体水平的反应（生存、生长、繁殖、Cd/Pb/Zn 积累）、细胞水平效应（过氧化物酶 （POD）、超氧化物歧化酶 （SOD）、谷胱甘肽 （GSH）、过氧化氢酶 （CAT）、乙酰胆碱酯酶 （AChE）、脂质过氧化丙二醛 （MDA））和遗传改变（橄榄尾矩 （OTM） 和尾 DNA%）。该研究揭示了大量的 Cd 和 Pb 积累，在暴露 21 天后对充质菌的繁殖和生长产生不利影响。细胞和遗传参数的变化随着暴露浓度和持续时间的增加而发生，表明 enchytraeids 中脂质过氧化和 DNA 损伤增加。在 E. crypticus 中发现了一个值得注意的金属解毒过程，在物理水平上很明显，其特征是最初的毒性升级，随后下降。在充团菌中检测到一种控制氧化损伤的独特互补机制，最初抑制 CAT 活性，然后诱导 SOD 、 POD 和 GSH 活性。在暴露持续时间内，充质菌壳中的 MDA 含量和 DNA 损伤表现出浓度依赖性变化，表明它们有可能成为评估 Pb-Zn 采矿土壤影响的有效预警指标。本研究有助于全面了解土壤 enchytraeid 框架内金属污染土壤的毒理学意义。