Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), belonging to the genus Globodera spp., are spread worldwide constituting a problem of concern as they can cause considerable losses in crop yields. An alternative to the application of common pesticides is the use of trap crops, that promote the hatching of second-stage juvenile cysts without supporting the feeding and reproduction of these nematodes. For this purpose, in recent years, there has been growing attention to the use of Solanum sisymbriifolium as a biopesticide. In this study, we focused on looking for the best conditions to grow this trap crop under field conditions, contrary to previous studies developed in pots under controlled conditions. Various management strategies, including sowing date and depth, irrigation and soil compaction, to grow S. sisymbriifolium in acid sandy soils (pH 4.3–5.5) have been evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of S. sisymbriifolium was tested under field conditions in three PCN-infested plots. The results indicate that the best conditions for S. sisymbriifolium cropping in South Atlantic latitudes included sowing dates in July and August at 10–15 cm depth, with irrigation and soil compaction after sowing. Under these conditions, a 77%–89% decrease in PCNs was observed with a high initial number of cysts (93–160 per 100g), and even some sub-plots showed a 100% reduction when the initial number of cysts was low (15–52 per 100g). Therefore, S. sisymbriifolium could be an interesting substitute for unspecific chemical nematicides in potato crops to promote sustainable agriculture.

中文翻译：

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南大西洋地区土壤田间条件下 Solanum sisymbriifolium 对马铃薯孢囊线虫的开发和有效性


马铃薯包囊线虫 （PCN） 属于 Globodera spp. 属，分布在世界范围内，构成一个令人担忧的问题，因为它们会导致作物产量的大幅损失。使用常见杀虫剂的另一种方法是使用诱捕作物，这种作物会促进第二阶段幼鱼包囊的孵化，而不支持这些线虫的摄食和繁殖。为此，近年来，人们越来越关注使用 Solanum sisymbriifolium 作为生物杀虫剂。在这项研究中，我们专注于寻找在田间条件下种植这种诱捕作物的最佳条件，这与之前在受控条件下在花盆中进行的研究相反。已经评估了各种管理策略，包括播种日期和深度、灌溉和土壤压实，以在酸性沙质土壤 （pH 4.3-5.5） 中种植 S. sisymbriifolium。此外，在三个 PCN 侵染的地块的田间条件下测试了 S. sisymbriifolium 的效率。结果表明，南大西洋纬度地区 S. sisymbriifolium 种植的最佳条件包括 7 月和 8 月的播种日期，深度为 10-15 厘米，播种后进行灌溉和土壤压实。在这些条件下，在囊肿初始数量较高（每 100 克 93-160 个）的情况下观察到 PCN 减少 77%-89%，甚至一些子图在初始囊肿数量较少时（每 100 克 15-52 个）显示减少 100%。因此，S. sisymbriifolium 可以成为马铃薯作物中非特异性化学杀线虫剂的有趣替代品，以促进可持续农业。