Essential oils have been studied to develop sustainable alternatives for controlling pest-species. This study determined the chemical composition and toxicity of an essential oil from Croton pulegiodorus leaves against Sitophilus zeamais and Nasutitermes corniger. Ascaridole (22.75%) and camphor (18.11%) were the major compounds. The essential oil showed toxicity upon ingestion on S. zeamais, with LC50 and LC90 of 24.24 and 46.76 μL/g for 15 days, respectively. It presented a moderate (10.0 and 12.5 μL/g) to strong (15 μL/g) deterrent effect, interfering with nutritional parameters, causing a reduction in the relative consumption rate, relative biomass gain rate and efficiency in conversion of ingested food. Furthermore, it stimulated in vitro S. zeamais β-D-xylanase (+33.39%), endoglucanase (+8.28%), exoglucanase (+84.77%), and α-amylase (+359.18%) activities and reduced in vitro the activity of trypsin-like enzymes (−79.67%). The essential oil showed fumigant effect against N. corniger termites with LC50 and LC90 (24 h) of 0.57 and 3.26 μL/mL of air for workers and 1.63 and 4.74 μL/mL of air for soldiers respectively. In workers, it caused 100% mortality through contact in 2.08 and 0.49 min (at 0.4 μL/μL and neat oil). A significant increase in the number of self-cleaning and falls indicated behavioral changes induced by the oil in N. corniger workers. The study shows the potential of the essential oil of C. pulegiodorus leaves as an alternative method in the management of maize weevil and N. corniger.

中文翻译：

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来自 Croton pulegiodorus Baill 的精油的化学成分和影响。叶子关于 Sitophilus zeamais Mots 的营养和生存。（鞘翅目：Dryophthoridae）以及 Nasutitermes corniger Mots 的生存和行为。（Blattodea：白蚁科）


已经研究了精油以开发控制害虫物种的可持续替代品。本研究确定了 Croton pulegiodorus 叶子精油对 Sitophilus zeamais 和 Nasutitermes corniger 的化学成分和毒性。蛔虫素 （22.75%） 和樟脑 （18.11%） 是主要化合物。该精油在摄入 S. zeamais 时表现出毒性，LC50 和 LC90 分别为 24.24 和 46.76 μL/g，持续 15 天。它表现出中度（10.0 和 12.5 μL/g）至强 （15 μL/g） 的威慑作用，干扰营养参数，导致相对消耗率、相对生物量增加率和摄入食物转化效率降低。此外，它在体外刺激玉米链球菌 β-D-木聚糖酶 （+33.39%）、内切葡聚糖酶 （+8.28%）、外切葡聚糖酶 （+84.77%） 和 α-淀粉酶 （+359.18%） 活性，并在体外降低胰蛋白酶样酶的活性 （-79.67%）。精油对 N. corniger 白蚁具有熏蒸作用，LC50 和 LC90 （24 h） 对工人和 士兵空气分别为 0.57 和 3.26 μL/mL，士兵空气分别为 1.63 和 4.74 μL/mL。在工人中，它在 2.08 和 0.49 分钟内通过接触导致 100% 的死亡率（在 0.4 μL/μL 和纯油下）。自清洁和跌倒次数的显著增加表明油诱导了 N. corniger 工蜂的行为变化。该研究表明，C. pulegiodorus 叶子的精油具有作为管理玉米象鼻虫和 N. corniger 的替代方法的潜力。