Egg parasitoid wasps of genus Trichogramma Westwood are effective natural enemies of lepidopteran pests in various crops. However, the efficacy of Trichogramma parasitoids is adversely affected by insecticides applied in the field to manage these lepidopteran pests. To overcome this problem efficiently, there is an urgent need to incorporate insecticide-resistant Trichogramma strains into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. This study assessed the potential of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to develop chlorantraniliprole resistance and characterized resistance associated fitness costs and stability. Toxicity bioassays were performed on T. chilonis using a dry film residue method. After 39 selections, a 573.64-fold level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole was developed in the resistant strain of T. chilonis (Chlr-R) when compared with a chlorantraniliprole susceptible strain (Chlr-S). Chlorantraniliprole resistance in Chlr-R resulted in a female biased sex-ratio and significantly increased the total life span and longevity of the adult female when compared to the Chlr-S strain. Based on age-stage, two-sex life table all the demographic parameters of Chlr-R increased significantly. These results indicate that T. chilonis can be mass reared and selected for chlorantraniliprole resistance under laboratory conditions, is an important step to improve the in field-based effectiveness and integration of these wasps with chemical control.

中文翻译：

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蒽苯二酰胺与寄生虫 Trichogramma chilonis Ishii（膜翅目：Trichogrammatidae）的相容性：基于毒性、两性生命表和生态参数


Trichogramma Westwood 属的卵寄生蜂是各种作物鳞翅目害虫的有效天敌。然而，Trichogramma parasitoids 的功效受到田间用于管理这些鳞翅目害虫的杀虫剂的不利影响。为了有效克服这个问题，迫切需要将抗杀虫剂毛滴虫菌株纳入害虫综合治理 （IPM） 计划。本研究评估了 Trichogramma chilonis Ishii 产生氯虫苯甲酰胺耐药性的潜力，并表征了与适应性成本和稳定性相关的耐药性。使用干膜残留法对 T. chilonis 进行毒性生物测定。经过 39 次选择，与氯虫苯甲酰胺敏感菌株 （Chlr-S） 相比，T. chilonis （Chlr-R） 的抗性水平提高了 573.64 倍。与 Chlr-S 菌株相比，Chlr-R 中的氯虫苯甲酰胺耐药性导致女性偏倚性别比，并显着增加了成年女性的总寿命和寿命。基于年龄阶段、两性别生命表，Chlr-R 的所有人口统计学参数均显著增加。这些结果表明，在实验室条件下，T. chilonis 可以大规模饲养并选择氯虫苯甲酰胺抗性，是提高这些黄蜂的田间有效性和与化学控制相结合的重要步骤。