Understanding the role of flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) in the genetic mechanisms of insecticide resistance is essential for developing effective management strategies against the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. In this study, we identified five FMO genes in C. suppressalis, examined their expression patterns, and revealed overexpression of FMO3B and FMO3C in field populations resistant to multiple insecticides, including chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram. Functional characterization using transgenic Drosophila indicated that FMO3B and FMO3C do not confer resistance to abamectin or methoxyfenozide but do mediate resistance to chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram. Knockdown of FMO3B and FMO3C increased sensitivity to these insecticides in C. suppressalis. Molecular docking studies indicated direct binding of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram to these FMOs, underscoring their role in metabolic resistance. These findings indicate that FMOs are key enzymes in the metabolic resistance of C. suppressalis to chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram, enhancing our understanding of insecticide resistance and aiding the development of management strategies.

中文翻译：

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黄素依赖性单氧生成酶在稻茎螟 Chilo suppressalis Walker（鳞翅目：Crambidae）中赋予对氯虫苯酰胺和棘虫酰胺的抗性


了解含黄素的单加氧酶 （FMO） 在杀虫剂耐药性遗传机制中的作用对于制定针对水稻螟 Chilo 抑制的有效管理策略至关重要。在这项研究中，我们在抑制 C. 中鉴定了 5 个 FMO 基因，检查了它们的表达模式，并揭示了 FMO3B 和 FMO3C 在对多种杀虫剂（包括氯虫苯甲酰胺和棘虫胺）耐药的田间种群中过表达。使用转基因果蝇的功能表征表明，FMO3B 和 FMO3C 不赋予对阿维菌素或甲氧虫酰肼的耐药性，但确实介导对氯虫苯酰胺和棘吡喃的耐药性。敲除 FMO3B 和 FMO3C 增加了抑制 C. 抑制对这些杀虫剂的敏感性。分子对接研究表明氯虫苯酰胺和斯皮托仑与这些 FMO 直接结合，强调了它们在代谢抵抗中的作用。这些发现表明，FMO 是抑制念珠菌对氯虫苯甲酰胺和 Spinetoram 代谢抗性的关键酶，增强了我们对杀虫剂耐药性的理解并有助于制定管理策略。