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L1-ORF1p nucleoprotein can rapidly assume distinct conformations and simultaneously bind more than one nucleic acid
Nucleic Acids Research ( IF 16.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-20 , DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae1141
Ben A Cashen, M Nabuan Naufer, Michael Morse, Micah J McCauley, Ioulia Rouzina, Charles E Jones, Anthony V Furano, Mark C Williams

LINE-1 (L1) is a parasitic retrotransposable DNA element, active in primates for the last 80–120 Myr. L1 has generated nearly one-third of the human genome by copying its transcripts, and those of other genetic elements (e.g. Alu and SVA), into genomic DNA by target site-primed reverse transcription (TPRT) and remains active in modern humans. L1 encodes two proteins that bind their encoding transcript (cis preference) to form an L1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that mediates retrotransposition. ORF2p provides reverse transcriptase and endonuclease activity. ORF1p, its major component, is a homo-trimeric phospho-protein that binds single-stranded nucleic acid (ssNA) with high affinity and exhibits nucleic acid (NA) chaperone activity. We used optical tweezers to examine ORF1p binding to individual single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules and found that the arrangement of ORF1p on the ssDNA depends on their molar ratio. When the concentration of ORF1p is just sufficient to saturate the entire NA molecule, the nucleoprotein (NP) is compact and stable. However, additional ORF1p binds and destabilizes the compacted NP, allowing it to engage a second ssDNA. Our results suggest that ORF1p displaced from its RNA template during TPRT could bind and destabilize remaining downstream L1 RNP, making them susceptible to hijacking by non-L1 templates, and thereby enable retrotransposition of non-L1 transcripts.

中文翻译:


L1-ORF1p 核蛋白可以迅速呈现不同的构象并同时结合多个核酸



LINE-1 (L1) 是一种寄生逆转录转座 DNA 元件,在灵长类动物中活性长达 80-120 Myr。L1 通过靶位点引发逆转录 (TPRT) 将其转录本和其他遗传元件(例如 Alu 和 SVA)的转录本复制到基因组 DNA 中,从而产生了近三分之一的人类基因组,并在现代人中保持活性。L1 编码两种蛋白质,这些蛋白质结合其编码转录本(顺式偏好)以形成介导逆转录转座的 L1 核糖核蛋白 (RNP)。ORF2p 提供逆转录酶和核酸内切酶活性。ORF1p 的主要成分是一种同源三聚体磷酸化蛋白,以高亲和力结合单链核酸 (ssNA) 并表现出核酸 (NA) 伴侣活性。我们使用光镊检查 ORF1p 与单个单链 DNA (ssDNA) 分子的结合,发现 ORF1p 在 ssDNA 上的排列取决于它们的摩尔比。当 ORF1p 的浓度刚好足以使整个 NA 分子饱和时,核蛋白 (NP) 紧凑而稳定。然而,额外的 ORF1p 结合并破坏了压实的 NP,使其能够参与第二个 ssDNA。我们的结果表明,在 TPRT 期间从其 RNA 模板中置换的 ORF1p 可以结合并破坏剩余的下游 L1 RNP 的稳定性,使它们容易受到非 L1 模板的劫持,从而使非 L1 转录本的逆转录转座成为可能。
更新日期:2024-11-20
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