Background BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color) communities bear a disproportional burden of seasonal influenza hospitalizations in the United States. Methods We developed a race-stratified (5 racial-ethnic groups) agent-based model of seasonal influenza transmission and quantify the effects of 5 idealized interventions aimed at reducing inequities in symptomatic infections and hospitalizations. The interventions assumed (i) equalized vaccination rates, (ii) equalized comorbidities, (iii) work-risk distribution proportional to the distribution of the population, (iv) reduced work contacts for all, or (v) a combination of equalizing vaccination rates and comorbidities and reducing work contacts. Results Our analysis suggests that symptomatic infections could be greatly reduced (by up to 17% in BIPOC adults aged 18-49) by strategies reducing work contacts or equalizing vaccination rates. All tested interventions reduced the inequity in influenza hospitalizations in all racial-ethnic groups, but interventions equalizing comorbidities were the most effective, with over 40% less hospitalizations in BIPOC groups. Inequities in hospitalizations in different racial-ethnic groups responded differently to interventions, pointing to the need of tailored interventions for different populations. Notably, these interventions resulted in better outcomes across all racial-ethnic groups, not only those prioritized by the interventions. Conclusions In this simulation modeling study, equalizing vaccination rates and reducing number of work contacts (e.g., improving air filtration systems, tailored vaccination campaigns) reduced both inequity and the total number of symptomatic infections and hospitalizations in all age and racial-ethnic groups. Reducing inequity in influenza hospitalizations requires different interventions for different groups.

中文翻译：

---

缩小季节性流感住院治疗中基于种族的不平等差距：一项建模研究


背景 BIPOC（黑人、原住民和其他有色人种）社区在美国承受着不成比例的季节性流感住院负担。方法 我们开发了一个基于种族分层 （5 个种族-民族群体） 代理的季节性流感传播模型，并量化了 5 种旨在减少有症状感染和住院不平等的理想化干预措施的效果。干预措施假设 （i） 平等的疫苗接种率，（ii） 平等的合并症，（iii） 与人口分布成正比的工作风险分配，（iv） 减少所有人的工作接触，或 （v） 平衡疫苗接种率和合并症与减少工作接触的组合。结果：我们的分析表明，通过减少工作接触或平衡疫苗接种率的策略，可以大大减少有症状的感染（在 17-18 岁的 BIPOC 成年人中最多可减少 49%）。所有经过测试的干预措施都减少了所有种族族裔群体流感住院率的不平等性，但平衡合并症的干预措施是最有效的，BIPOC 群体的住院率减少了 40% 以上。不同种族族裔群体的住院治疗不平等对干预措施的反应不同，这表明需要为不同人群量身定制干预措施。值得注意的是，这些干预措施在所有种族族裔群体中都产生了更好的结果，而不仅仅是那些预措施优先考虑的群体。结论 在这项模拟建模研究中，均衡疫苗接种率和减少工作接触次数（例如，改进空气过滤系统、量身定制的疫苗接种活动）减少了所有年龄和种族族裔群体的不平等以及有症状感染和住院的总数。 减少流感住院率的不平等需要针对不同群体采取不同的干预措施。