Liberals and conservatives both express political animosity and favouritism. However, less is known about whether the same or different factors contribute to this phenomenon among liberals and conservatives. We test three different relationships that could emerge among cognitive ability, cognitive reflection and political group‐based attitudes. Analysing two nationally representative surveys of US Americans (N = 9035) containing a measure of cognitive ability, we find evidence that compared to people lower in cognitive ability, people higher in cognitive ability express more animosity towards ideologically discordant groups and more favouritism towards ideologically concordant groups. This pattern was particularly pronounced among liberals. In a registered report study, we then test whether the same is true of cognitive reflection in another large dataset (N = 3498). In contrast to cognitive ability, we find no relationship between cognitive reflection, political animosity and favouritism. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive test of how cognitive ability and cognitive reflection are related to political animosity and favouritism for liberals and conservatives in the United States.

中文翻译：

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注册报告：认知能力，而不是认知反思，预示着表达更大的政治敌意和偏袒


自由派和保守派都表达了政治敌意和偏袒。然而，对于自由派和保守派之间是相同还是不同的因素导致了这种现象，人们知之甚少。我们测试了认知能力、认知反思和基于政治群体的态度之间可能出现的三种不同关系。分析了两项具有全国代表性的美国美国人调查 （N = 9035），其中包含认知能力的衡量标准，我们发现有证据表明，与认知能力较低的人相比，认知能力较高的人对意识形态不一致的群体表现出更多的敌意，而对意识形态一致的群体表现出更多的偏爱。这种模式在自由派中尤为明显。在注册报告研究中，我们然后测试另一个大型数据集 （N = 3498） 中的认知反射是否也是如此。与认知能力相反，我们发现认知反思、政治敌意和偏袒之间没有关系。总之，这些研究对认知能力和认知反射与美国自由派和保守派的政治敌意和偏袒有何关系进行了全面测试。