Cerebral/cortical visual impairment (CVI) is a leading cause of pediatric visual impairment in nations with developed economies and is increasing in those with developing economies. Because vision is the predominant sense used for learning, delay in diagnosis of CVI can negatively affect education, making early detection and management important. The American Academy of Pediatrics has published the policy statement "Visual System Assessment in Infants, Children, and Young Adults by Pediatricians" and an accompanying clinical report that are based on identifying potential causes of ocular visual impairment in children. Yet, routine vision screening may not accurately identify the brain-based visual impairment in children with CVI. Moreover, children with CVI often have medical complexity with other neurocognitive impairments and serious medical conditions that can make the diagnosis of CVI more difficult. Strategies are necessary for early identification of CVI to promote early diagnosis and referral for vision services that may allow a child with CVI to engage more fully in school, activities of daily living, vocational pursuits, and recreational activities. Knowledge of the characteristics of CVI as well as risk factors for CVI will assist the pediatrician in identifying children with CVI. This clinical report is complementary to previous vision screening policies, allowing both ocular and brain-based visual impairments in children to be identified and addressed. Pediatricians, other primary care physicians, pediatric ophthalmologists, neurologists, and other specialized pediatric eye care clinicians can identify children with CVI and coordinate effective evaluation, diagnosis, and referrals for vision services for these children.

中文翻译：

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儿童脑/皮质视力障碍的诊断和护理：临床报告。


脑/皮质视力障碍 （CVI） 是发达经济体国家儿童视力障碍的主要原因，在发展中经济体国家/地区呈上升趋势。由于视觉是学习的主要意义，因此 CVI 的延迟诊断会对教育产生负面影响，因此早期发现和管理非常重要。美国儿科学会 （American Academy of Pediatrics） 发布了政策声明“儿科医生对婴儿、儿童和年轻人的视觉系统评估”和随附的临床报告，这些报告基于确定儿童眼视觉障碍的潜在原因。然而，常规视力筛查可能无法准确识别 CVI 儿童的脑部视力障碍。此外，患有 CVI 的儿童通常具有医学复杂性，伴有其他神经认知障碍和严重的疾病，这可能使 CVI 的诊断更加困难。早期识别 CVI 的策略是必要的，以促进早期诊断和转诊视力服务，这可能使 CVI 患儿能够更充分地参与学校、日常生活活动、职业追求和娱乐活动。了解 CVI 的特征以及 CVI 的危险因素将有助于儿科医生识别 CVI 患儿。本临床报告是对先前视力筛查政策的补充，可以识别和解决儿童的眼部和大脑视力障碍。儿科医生、其他初级保健医生、儿科眼科医生、神经科医生和其他专业的儿科眼保健临床医生可以识别患有 CVI 的儿童，并协调为这些儿童提供视力服务的有效评估、诊断和转诊。