Increasing population and industrial development brings with it many problems that need to be solved, such as energy production, storage, saving, protection of limited reserves, and environmental pollution. Nanomaterials, which emerged with the introduction of nanotechnology into our lives, play an important role in many areas. The novel two-dimensional nanomaterial black phosphorus (BP) exhibits great potential in photocatalytic applications, energy technologies, and purification with properties such as broad light absorption spectrum, tunable direct band gap, and exceptionally high charge carrier mobility. This review gives a outline of the manufacturing techniques, structural, chemical, electrical and thermal properties of BP. Then, the success of BP derivatives with different dimensions and morphologies in environmental and energy applications is presented by comparing them with previous studies in these fields. The results show that heterojunction structures produced by combining BP with MoS2 and MOFs improve the electrochemical properties of BP, while carbonization processes increase its efficiency in battery and supercapacitor applications. Finally, in this review, a summary of BP’s potential future uses, awareness of easy production methods, and its activities in environmental and energy applications are discussed in a broad context.

中文翻译：

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黑磷在能源和废水处理中的可用性综合综述


人口的增长和工业的发展带来了许多需要解决的问题，例如能源的生产、储存、储蓄、有限储备的保护和环境污染。纳米材料是随着纳米技术进入我们的生活而出现的，在许多领域都发挥着重要作用。新型二维纳米材料黑磷 （BP） 在光催化应用、能源技术和纯化方面表现出巨大潜力，具有宽光吸收光谱、可调直接带隙和极高的电荷载流子迁移率等特性。这篇综述概述了 BP 的制造技术、结构、化学、电学和热学特性。然后，通过与这些领域的先前研究进行比较，介绍了具有不同尺寸和形态的 BP 衍生物在环境和能源应用中的成功。结果表明，BP 与 MoS2 和 MOF 结合产生的异质结结构改善了 BP 的电化学性能，而碳化过程提高了其在电池和超级电容器应用中的效率。最后，在这篇综述中，总结了 BP 的潜在未来用途、对简单生产方法的认识及其在环境和能源应用中的活动。