Climate change mitigation policies around the world are increasingly formulated as ‘green deals’ characterized by comprehensive packages of (‘green’) economic and societal reforms intended to bring about a just and inclusive transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper takes as its starting point what we see as a fundamental tension underlying the logic of these policies: despite making ambitious claims about the ethical merits of the transition they aim to bring about, their implementation depends on the extraction of massive amounts of raw materials. Most of these materials will be sourced from the Global South, where the negative ecological and social impacts will be felt. Empirically we explore how this tension is reflected in the European Green Deal, the most comprehensive of the green deal initiatives to date. Analyzing 195 policy documents from the European Union, we find that the role played by the European Green Deal in driving negative impacts beyond its borders is effectively silenced in official discourse. This enables the propagation of a narrative that justifies the dominant paradigm of green growth by portraying the European Green Deal as undertaking a globally ‘just transition’ that ‘do no harm’ and ‘leaves no one behind’. However, it also results in discursive contradictions and inconsistencies that undermine the logic and legitimacy of the European Green Deal. These contradictions and inconsistencies, we argue, provide a possible entry point for efforts to improve the just and inclusive outcomes from the European Green Deal.

中文翻译：

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全球公正和包容的转型？质疑欧洲绿色协议的政策表现


世界各地的气候变化缓解政策越来越多地被制定为“绿色协议”，其特点是全面的（“绿色”）经济和社会改革方案，旨在实现向低碳经济的公正和包容性过渡。本文以我们认为这些政策逻辑背后的根本紧张关系为出发点：尽管雄心勃勃地声称它们旨在实现的转型具有道德价值，但它们的实施取决于大量原材料的开采。这些材料大多来自南半球，那里将感受到负面的生态和社会影响。从实证上讲，我们探讨了这种紧张局势如何反映在《欧洲绿色协议》中，这是迄今为止最全面的绿色协议倡议。通过分析欧盟的 195 份政策文件，我们发现《欧洲绿色协议》在将负面影响驱赶到境外方面所发挥的作用在官方话语中实际上被压制了。这使得一种叙事得以传播，通过将欧洲绿色协议描绘成正在进行“不造成伤害”和“不让任何人掉队”的全球“公正转型”来证明绿色增长的主导范式是合理的。然而，它也导致了话语矛盾和不一致，从而破坏了欧洲绿色协议的逻辑和合法性。我们认为，这些矛盾和不一致为改善欧洲绿色协议的公正和包容性结果的努力提供了一个可能的切入点。