Transformative climate change adaptation planning that addresses marginalized populations is increasingly critical for the globe’s most vulnerable countries. In 2021, Peru became the first country in Latin America to incorporate both gender and an Indigenous peoples’ platform (PPICC) into its national climate change adaptation plan. Peru has simultaneously increased its mining production of critical minerals like copper to address the global push to mitigate climate change through the green energy transition. The dissonance between equity-focused adaptation planning and extraction that occurs largely in Indigenous territories is understudied in the adaptation literature. This is especially pertinent for Indigenous women, whose embodied connection to territory is doubly disrupted by climate change and extractive activities. This paper uses the case study of national adaptation planning in Peru to analyze the tension between adaptation that addresses Indigeneity and gender and the increased “extraction imperative” to mitigate climate change through green technology. Based on a thematic analysis of Indigenous women’s organizations’ speeches, interviews, and policy recommendations—as well as planning documents from the Peruvian state and multilaterals—I show that Indigenous women leaders in Peru are drawing on embodied claims to territory and resistance to extraction to re-make adaptation planning into a space that centers Indigenous sovereignty. Ultimately, the Peruvian state’s vision of adaptation fails to account for ongoing sources of violence against Indigenous women, such as mining, that undermine adaptive capacity. I conclude that efforts to mainstream gender and Indigeneity into adaptation planning must foreground sovereignty to avoid maladaptive outcomes from extraction.

中文翻译：

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原住民妇女是“Pachamama 的守护者”：领土主权对于秘鲁适应气候变化是必不可少的


针对边缘化人群的变革性气候变化适应计划对全球最脆弱的国家越来越重要。2021 年，秘鲁成为拉丁美洲第一个将性别和原住民平台 （PPICC） 纳入其国家气候变化适应计划的国家。秘鲁同时增加了铜等关键矿物的开采产量，以应对全球通过绿色能源转型缓解气候变化的努力。主要发生在土著领土的以公平为重点的适应规划和开采之间的不和谐在适应文献中研究不足。这对原住民妇女尤其重要，她们与领土的内在联系受到气候变化和采掘活动的双重破坏。本文以秘鲁国家适应规划为例，分析了解决原住民和性别问题的适应与通过绿色技术缓解气候变化的“开采必要性”之间的紧张关系。基于对土著妇女组织的演讲、访谈和政策建议以及秘鲁国家和多边机构的规划文件的主题分析，我表明秘鲁的土著妇女领袖正在利用对领土的具身主张和对开采的抵抗，将适应规划重新制定为以土著主权为中心的空间。归根结底，秘鲁政府的适应愿景未能考虑到针对土著妇女的持续暴力来源，例如采矿，这些来源破坏了适应能力。 我的结论是，将性别和原住民纳入适应规划的主流努力必须将主权放在首位，以避免因提取而产生适应不良的结果。