It is well known that genome organizers, like mammalian CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) or Drosophila architectural proteins CP190 and BEAF-32, contribute to the three-dimensional (3D) organization of the genome and ensure normal gene transcription. However, bona fide genome organizers have not been identified in plants. Here, we show that EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 (EMF1) functions as a genome modulator in Arabidopsis. EMF1 interacts with the cohesin component SISTER CHROMATIN COHESION3 (SCC3), and both proteins are enriched at compartment domain (CD) boundaries. Accordingly, emf1 and scc3 show a strength decrease at the CD boundary in which these proteins colocalize. EMF1 maintains CD boundary strength, either independently or in cooperation with histone modifications. Moreover, EMF1 is required to maintain gene-resolution interactions and to block long-range aberrant chromatin loops. These data unveil a key role of EMF1 in regulating 3D chromatin structure.

中文翻译：

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EMF1 在拟南芥中起 3D 染色质调节剂的作用


众所周知，基因组组织者，如哺乳动物 CCCTC 结合因子 （CTCF） 或果蝇结构蛋白 CP190 和 BEAF-32，有助于基因组的三维 （3D） 组织并确保正常的基因转录。然而，尚未在植物中鉴定出真正的基因组组织者。在这里，我们表明 EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 （EMF1） 在拟南芥中起基因组调节剂的作用。EMF1 与黏连蛋白成分 SISTER CHROMATIN COHESION3 （SCC3） 相互作用，两种蛋白在区室结构域 （CD） 边界富集。因此，emf1 和 scc3 在这些蛋白质共定位的 CD 边界处显示出强度降低。EMF1 可独立或与组蛋白修饰合作维持 CD 边界强度。此外，EMF1 是维持基因-分辨率相互作用和阻断长程异常染色质环所必需的。这些数据揭示了 EMF1 在调节 3D 染色质结构中的关键作用。