Halogenated carbazoles (HCZs) are prevalent in sediments, pose a risk of entering the human food chain via lotus roots. However, starch, protein, and fat in lotus root complicate determination of HCZs in this food. This study introduces a straightforward, sensitive, and rapid method for detecting four HCZs in lotus roots. The method employs a conical monolithic extraction column (MEC) containing chitosan-glutaraldehyde-graphene oxide aerogel (CS-GA-GOA) material. The CS-GA-GOA − MEC successfully achieved extraction of four HCZs in spiked lotus root samples in under 5 min. The method was rapid (15 min) compared with alternatives, as well as being sensitivity (0.08–0.27 ng/g), accurate (89.7 %–104.2 %), and more cost-effective. This work contributes to the exploration of advanced adsorbents but also broadens the applicability of graphene oxide aerogels in extraction processes, paving the way for the development of rapid and accurate analytical methods for HCZs in foods.

中文翻译：

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壳聚糖-戊二醛氧化石墨烯气凝胶，用于萃取莲藕中的多溴和氯化咔唑


卤代咔唑 （HCZ） 普遍存在于沉积物中，有通过莲藕进入人类食物链的风险。然而，莲藕中的淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪使这种食物中 HCZ 的测定变得复杂。本研究介绍了一种简单、灵敏、快速的方法来检测莲藕中的 4 个 HCZs。该方法采用含有壳聚糖-戊二醛-氧化石墨烯气凝胶 （CS-GA-GOA） 材料的锥形整体萃取柱 （MEC）。CS-GA-GOA − MEC 在 5 分钟内成功提取了加标莲藕样品中的 4 个 HCZ。与其他方法相比，该方法速度快（15 min），灵敏度高 （0.08–0.27 ng/g），准确度高 （89.7 %–104.2 %），成本效益更高。这项工作有助于探索先进的吸附剂，但也拓宽了氧化石墨烯气凝胶在提取过程中的适用性，为开发快速准确的食品中 HCZ 分析方法铺平了道路。