Solar-driven seawater desalination has received massive attention as it holds great promise to solve the worldwide freshwater and energy issues. The key of this technology relies on the exploitation of broad-spectrum solar absorbers and the construction of evaporators with high-efficient thermal management. Among all the available solar absorbers, photothermal fabrics stand out with conspicuous properties, such as rich source, low cost, large specific surface area, wide versatility, high structure tunability and excellent flexibility. This review aims to summarize the recent advancement in the fabrication strategies of photothermal fabrics, including surface modification, high-temperature carbonization, electrospinning, blowspinning, and weaving. The design of superstructural photothermal fabrics is also discussed in relation to the wide-spectral photoabsorption and directional moisture transport. The construction of solar evaporators with photothermal fabrics are also highlighted, including floating evaporator, reversible evaporator, three-dimensional isolated evaporator, hanging evaporator, heliotropic evaporator; which focus on their structure–function relationships on light absorption enhancement, heat loss reduction, salt-crystallization resistance, etc. At last, this review provides a detailed introduction and outlook on the transference applications of solar-driven seawater evaporation in catalysis, electric energy generation, and saline soil remediation, aiming to address the potential solution to the interconnected challenges of freshwater scarcity, energy deficits, and environmental pollution.

中文翻译：

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用于太阳能海水淡化的光热织物


太阳能驱动的海水淡化受到了广泛关注，因为它在解决全球淡水和能源问题方面具有很大的前景。这项技术的关键在于广谱太阳能吸收器的利用和具有高效热管理的蒸发器的构建。在所有可用的太阳能吸收器中，光热织物具有来源丰富、成本低、比表面积大、用途广泛、结构可调性和优异的柔韧性等突出特性。本文旨在总结光热织物制备策略的最新进展，包括表面改性、高温碳化、静电纺丝、吹纺和织造。还讨论了超结构光热织物的设计与广谱光吸收和定向水分传输的关系。还重点介绍了采用光热织物的太阳能蒸发器的构造，包括浮动蒸发器、可逆蒸发器、三维隔离蒸发器、悬挂蒸发器、日向蒸发器;它们侧重于它们在增强光吸收、减少热量损失、抗盐结晶等方面的结构-功能关系。最后，本文对太阳能驱动海水蒸发在催化、发电和盐渍土修复中的转移应用进行了详细介绍和展望，旨在解决淡水短缺、能源短缺和环境污染等相互关联的挑战的潜在解决方案。