Intelligent mechanical sealing is crucial for the advancement of equipment intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), as it effectively addresses significant challenges such as the monitoring of mechanical seals in high-end equipment. However, the limited reliability of indirect measurements and the compromises in the structural integrity of the original seal caused by implantable measurements pose constraints on the efficacy of monitoring wear in seals. Here, this study proposes a smart ultra-compact triboelectric reciprocating sealing system (UC-TERS) capable of monitoring motion states and wear conditions. By utilizing the existing structure of commercial seals and applying abrasion-resistant coatings to the moving parts, the UC-TERS enables an ultra-compact design. The electrical output performances of various materials were investigated, and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating and sealing made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mixed with carbon fiber were selected to improve the self-powering and self-sensing capabilities. Variations in the output voltage and current caused by the load resistance were measured. Experiments involving various speeds and a constant speed were conducted to verify the self-sensing ability of the UC-TERS in detecting the motion state. In addition, a sealing wear test was performed to diagnose the wear conditions in the reciprocating mechanism based on the UC-TERS output. By combining the UC-TERS with deep learning algorithms, different wear conditions were accurately classified. Subsequently, the UC-TERS was applied to industrial servo actuators, and it demonstrated that it could achieve self-powering and self-sensing capabilities with a high reliability. The results of this study showcase the broad application potential of UC-TERS in the development of IoT.

中文翻译：

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超紧凑型单电极摩擦纳米发电机，用于往复式密封件的自供电磨损传感


智能机械密封对于设备智能和物联网 （IoT） 的发展至关重要，因为它有效解决了重大挑战，例如高端设备中的机械密封监控。然而，间接测量的有限可靠性以及植入式测量对原始密封件结构完整性的损害，对监测密封件磨损的有效性构成了限制。在这里，本研究提出了一种智能超紧凑型摩擦电往复密封系统 （UC-TERS），能够监测运动状态和磨损条件。通过利用现有的商业密封件结构并在运动部件上涂上耐磨涂层，UC-TERS 实现了超紧凑的设计。研究了各种材料的电输出性能，并选择了由聚四氟乙烯 （PTFE） 与碳纤维混合制成的类金刚石碳 （DLC） 涂层和密封件，以提高自供电和自感应能力。测量了负载电阻引起的输出电压和电流的变化。进行了涉及不同速度和恒定速度的实验，以验证 UC-TERS 在检测运动状态方面的自感应能力。此外，还进行了密封磨损测试，以根据 UC-TERS 输出诊断往复机构中的磨损情况。通过将 UC-TERS 与深度学习算法相结合，对不同的磨损条件进行了准确分类。随后，UC-TERS 被应用于工业伺服执行器，并证明它可以实现具有高可靠性的自供电和自感应功能。 本研究的结果展示了 UC-TERS 在物联网发展中的广泛应用潜力。