Engineering solar evaporators with Janus structures is crucial for facilitating water transition and heat localization to enhance water evaporation efficiency. However, the fragile discontinuous bilayer structures and unavoidable surface fouling significantly hinder their application. Herein, inspired by the Janus structure of Black Amanita mushrooms, we designed a robust solar evaporator with an integrated wood-like and Janus structure using directional freeze-casting and magnetically induced self-assembly of polypyrrole-coated Fe₃O₄ particles as a build-in photothermal top layer within a hydrophilic matrix, followed by covering it with an additional hydrophobic fluorine layer to simultaneously regulate surface wettability and antifouling properties. Incorporating the hydrophobic fluorine layer onto the solar evaporator not only enhances its water evaporation efficiency via thermal localization effects, but also prevents fouling, salt, and dust scaling accumulation on its surface, facilitating water transportation, thus achieving a groundbreaking performance with the evaporation rate of 2.13 kg m⁻²h⁻¹ under one sun irradiation. Moreover, the mechanical performance of the as-prepared solar evaporator can be further optimized by precisely modulating supramolecular interactions within its structure, achieving Young’s modulus over 4 MPa and maintaining structural integrity after the peel-off tests. The fabricated solar evaporator enables highly efficient water purification from artificial seawater, oil-in-water emulsions, and industrial wastewater, providing a rational strategy for designing high-yield solar evaporation systems for wastewater containing complex contaminants

中文翻译：

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具有防污和防垢特性的仿生磁感应自组装 Janus 太阳能蒸发器


使用 Janus 结构设计太阳能蒸发器对于促进水过渡和热本地化以提高水蒸发效率至关重要。然而，脆弱的不连续双层结构和不可避免的表面污垢极大地阻碍了它们的应用。在此，受黑鹅膏菌的 Janus 结构的启发，我们设计了一种坚固的太阳能蒸发器，该蒸发器具有集成的木状和 Janus 结构，使用定向冷冻铸造和磁性诱导自组装聚吡咯涂层的 Fe₃O₄ 颗粒作为亲水基质内的内置光热顶层，然后用额外的疏水氟层覆盖它，以同时调节表面润湿性和防污性性能。在太阳能蒸发器上加入疏水氟层，不仅可以通过热局部效应提高其水分蒸发效率，还可以防止污垢、盐分和灰尘结垢在其表面积聚，促进水的输送，从而以 2.13 kg ^{m-2 h-1} 的蒸发速率实现突破性的性能在一次阳光照射下。此外，通过精确调节其结构内的超分子相互作用，实现超过 4 MPa 的杨氏模量并在剥离测试后保持结构完整性，可以进一步优化所制备的太阳能蒸发器的机械性能。制造的太阳能蒸发器能够从人工海水、水包油乳液和工业废水中高效净化水，为设计高产太阳能蒸发系统提供合理的策略，用于处理含有复杂污染物的废水