The present study reports the successful preparation of pure magnetite Fe₃O₄ (F), bismuth doped Fe₃O₄ (FB), reduced graphene oxide doped Fe₃O₄ (FR), and bismuth-rGO co doped Fe₃O₄ (FBR) using the simple co-precipitation process. The produced samples were subjected to morphological, optical, FTIR, and structural analyses. XPS- Photo electron spectroscopy indicates the presence of relevant elements and oxidation states. BET surface analysis shows the presence of enhanced surface area in conjointly doped Fe₃O₄ (FBR) and rGO doped Fe₃O₄ (FR). The photocatalytic activity of the materials (F, FB, FR, and FBR) against several organic dyes [MB, Rho-b, and Congo red (CR)] was investigated. Using the disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of the samples was investigated against a variety of gramme positive and gramme negative bacteria. The findings indicate that the co-doped magnetite nano composite exhibits strong antimicrobial activity. The synthesised materials were also used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The electrochemical performance of the FBR-based supercapacitor was reliable, and it exhibited a high specific capacitance of 732.51 Fg^-1 at a current density of 1 Ag^-1. From the CV analysis, the measured capacitance was 440.67 Fg^-1 for a three-electrode configuration. The symmetric device has been constructed using bismuth and rGO co doped (FBR) nano composite and it exhibited a specific capacitance of 173 Fg^-1, specific energy of 24 W h Kg¹, and specific power of 1999 W Kg^-1 at a current density of 1 Ag^-1 with notable cyclic stability of about 89% and had average capacity retention and excellent coulombic efficiency which is about 95% up to 8000 cycles which is retained even after 18,000 cycles.

中文翻译：

---

研究具有还原氧化石墨烯和铋的共掺杂磁铁矿 （Fe3O4） 纳米材料在光催化、超级电容器和抗菌中的应用


本研究报道了使用简单的共沉淀工艺成功制备了纯磁铁矿 Fe₃O₄ （F）、铋掺杂 Fe₃O₄ （FB）、还原氧化石墨烯掺杂 Fe₃O₄ （FR） 和铋-rGO 共掺杂 Fe₃O₄ （FBR）。对产生的样品进行形态学、光学、FTIR 和结构分析。XPS-光电子能谱表明相关元素和氧化态的存在。BET 表面分析显示，联合掺杂的 Fe₃O₄ （FBR） 和 rGO 掺杂的 Fe₃O₄ （FR） 中存在增强的表面积。研究了材料 （F、FB、FR 和 FBR） 对几种有机染料 [MB、Rho-b 和刚果红 （CR）] 的光催化活性。使用圆盘扩散法，研究了样品对各种 gramme 阳性和 gramme 阴性细菌的抗菌活性。研究结果表明，共掺杂磁铁矿纳米复合材料表现出很强的抗菌活性。合成的材料也被用作超级电容器的电极材料。基于 FBR 的超级电容器的电化学性能可靠，在 1 ^Ag-1 的电流密度下表现出 732.51 ^Fg-1 的高比电容。根据 CV 分析，三电极配置的测得电容为 440.67 ^Fg-1。 该对称器件采用铋和 rGO 共掺杂 （FBR） 纳米复合材料构建，在电流密度为 1 ^Ag-1 时，其比电容为 173 ^Fg-1，比能量为 24 W h Kg¹，比功率为 1999 W ^Kg-1，具有显着的循环稳定性，约为 89%，具有平均容量保持率和出色的库仑效率，高达 95 次循环，最高可达 8000 次循环，即即使在 18,000 次循环后也能保留。