Eutectogels represent an attractive option for various industrial applications that use deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as effective liquid active ingredients and offer remarkable stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, the biological applications of these compounds are limited. DESs are highly structurally tunable and exhibit remarkable biofunctionality and biocompatibility, conferring substantial benefits in the treatment of diseases. In this study, choline-chloride and mannose are used to fabricate ChCl/M DES, followed by introduction of lysozyme fibers and gallic acid for self-assembly into injectable eutectogels through hydrogen bonding and hydrophilic/hydrophobic interaction interactions. The eutectogels demonstrate almost 100% bactericidal activities against three strains and significant immune-regulation. This is supported by a decrease in the proportion of CD86-expressing cells from 64.02% to 18.17% and an increase in CD206-expressing cells from 2.53% to 29.96% through flow cytometry experiments. The eutectogels effectively inhibit alveolar bone loss and alleviated local inflammation in a rat model of chronic periodontitis owing to the promotion of gallic acid in the cell membrane by the ChCl/M DES. Hence, self-assembled eutectogels exhibit the potential to enhance the efficacy if treatments/therapies against inflammatory diseases by facilitating bacterial control, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and the regulation of macrophages by promoting cell permeation of small-molecule drugs.

中文翻译：

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具有细胞渗透性和多种抗炎能力的自组装 Eutectogel 治疗慢性牙周炎


Eutectogels 代表了各种工业应用的有吸引力的选择，这些应用使用深共熔溶剂 （DES） 作为有效的液体活性成分，并提供卓越的稳定性、成本效益和环境友好性。然而，这些化合物的生物学应用是有限的。DES 具有高度的结构可调性，并表现出卓越的生物功能和生物相容性，为疾病治疗带来巨大益处。在这项研究中，氯化胆碱和甘露糖用于制备 ChCl/M DES，然后引入溶菌酶纤维和没食子酸，通过氢键和亲水/疏水相互作用自组装到可注射的共凝胶中。Eutectogels 对三种菌株表现出几乎 100% 的杀菌活性和显着的免疫调节。通过流式细胞术实验，表达 CD86 的细胞比例从 64.02% 降低到 18.17%，表达 CD206 的细胞比例从 2.53% 增加到 29.96%，都支持了这一点。由于 ChCl/M DES 促进没食子酸在细胞膜中，真粒凝胶有效抑制牙槽骨流失并减轻大鼠慢性牙周炎模型的局部炎症。因此，自组装的 eutectogels 通过促进细菌控制、活性氧清除和通过促进小分子药物的细胞渗透来调节巨噬细胞，从而表现出提高炎症性疾病治疗/疗法疗效的潜力。