Human evolution is intricately linked with culture, which permeates almost all facets of human life from health and reproduction, to the environments in which we live. Nevertheless, our understanding of the ways in which stably transmitted, evolutionarily relevant human cultural traits might interact with the human genome is incomplete, and methods to detect such interactions are limited. Here, we describe some rules of cultural transmission which could pertain to both humans and cultural nonhuman animals that could lead to the formation and maintenance of stable associations between cultural and genetic traits. Next, we show that, in the presence of such associations, a process analogous to genetic hitchhiking is possible in gene–culture systems. These could leave signatures in the human genome similar to, and perhaps indistinguishable from, those left by selection on genetic traits. Finally, we model selective interference between cultural and genetic traits. We show that selective interference between a cultural trait under selection and a genetic trait under selection can reduce the efficacy of natural selection in the human genome, both in terms of the probability of fixation of beneficial alleles and the dynamics of selective sweeps. We then show that the efficiency of selection at genetic loci can, however, be increased in the presence of strong cultural transmission biases. This implies that the signatures of gene–culture interactions in genetic data may be complex and wide-ranging in gene–culture coevolutionary systems.

中文翻译：

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具有文化干扰的选择签名


人类进化与文化有着错综复杂的联系，文化几乎渗透到人类生活的方方面面，从健康和繁殖到我们生活的环境。然而，我们对稳定传播的、与进化相关的人类文化特征可能与人类基因组相互作用的方式的理解并不完整，检测这种相互作用的方法也很有限。在这里，我们描述了一些文化传播的规则，这些规则可能适用于人类和文化非人类动物，这些规则可能导致文化和遗传特征之间形成和维持稳定的联系。接下来，我们表明，在存在这种关联的情况下，在基因培养系统中可能出现类似于遗传搭便车的过程。这些可能会在人类基因组中留下与遗传特征选择所留下的特征相似的特征，并且可能与遗传特征选择留下的特征没有区别。最后，我们对文化和遗传性状之间的选择性干扰进行建模。我们表明，选择下的文化性状和选择下的遗传性状之间的选择性干扰会降低人类基因组中自然选择的有效性，无论是在有益等位基因固定的可能性方面还是在选择性扫描的动力学方面。然后，我们表明，然而，在存在强大的文化传播偏倚的情况下，遗传位点的选择效率可以提高。这意味着遗传数据中基因-培养相互作用的特征在基因-培养协同进化系统中可能是复杂和广泛的。